Zoghroban Hager S, Elmansory Basma M, Issa Yasmine Amr, Eltokhy Amira K, Abo Safia Hend S, El Maghraby Gamal M, Salama Amina M
Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
Exp Parasitol. 2023 May;248:108515. doi: 10.1016/j.exppara.2023.108515. Epub 2023 Mar 21.
Latent toxoplasmosis mostly reactivates which could result in acute encephalitis. Chronic toxoplasmosis treatments are severely constrained by Toxoplasma cyst resistance. Novel therapeutic approaches are therefore becoming more essential. In this study, the effects of levamisole (LEVA) and spiramycin on the early and late stages of experimental toxoplasmosis are investigated.
Seventy-five Me49 Toxoplasma gondii infected Swiss albino mice were divided into five groups; (GI): noninfected control group; (GII): infected untreated control group; (GIII): infected- LEVA treated group; (GIV): infected and received combination of spiramycin and LEVA and (GV): infected-spiramycin treated group. The impact was assessed through brain cyst count by Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), interferon gamma (IFN-γ) assay, histopathological study, and total blood counts.
The progression of chronic toxoplasmosis could only be partially controlled by using either levamisole or spiramycin as a separate drug. The combined spiramycin and levamisole treatment significantly decreased the burden of Toxoplasma brain cyst, increased IFN-γ level, total blood parameters and improved the histopathological features especially at the late stage of infection.
Levamisole effectively modulated Toxoplasma-induced immune responses, resulting in chronic toxoplasmosis remission. Further clinical trials will be needed to study the effect of these combination in HIV/AIDS (human immunodeficiency virus) patients with toxoplasmosis.
潜伏性弓形虫病大多会重新激活，可能导致急性脑炎。慢性弓形虫病的治疗因弓形虫囊肿耐药性而受到严重限制。因此，新的治疗方法变得更加必要。在本研究中，研究了左旋咪唑（LEVA）和螺旋霉素对实验性弓形虫病早期和晚期的影响。
将75只感染Me49弓形虫的瑞士白化小鼠分为五组；（GI）：未感染对照组；（GII）：感染未治疗对照组；（GIII）：感染-左旋咪唑治疗组；（GIV）：感染并接受螺旋霉素和左旋咪唑联合治疗组；（GV）：感染-螺旋霉素治疗组。通过定量实时聚合酶链反应（PCR）进行脑囊肿计数、干扰素γ（IFN-γ）检测、组织病理学研究和全血细胞计数来评估影响。
单独使用左旋咪唑或螺旋霉素只能部分控制慢性弓形虫病的进展。螺旋霉素和左旋咪唑联合治疗显著降低了弓形虫脑囊肿负担，提高了IFN-γ水平、全血参数，并改善了组织病理学特征，尤其是在感染后期。
左旋咪唑有效调节了弓形虫诱导的免疫反应，导致慢性弓形虫病缓解。需要进一步的临床试验来研究这些联合用药对患有弓形虫病的艾滋病毒/艾滋病（人类免疫缺陷病毒）患者的影响。
