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热身技术改进方案:一种有效减少前交叉韧带损伤的策略,可提高足球运动员变向和跳跃动作的质量。

The warm up technique modification programme: An effective anterior cruciate ligament injury mitigation strategy to improve cutting and jump-movement quality in soccer players.

机构信息

HUMAN Lab, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Granada, Spain.

HUMAN Lab, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.

出版信息

J Sports Sci. 2022 Dec;40(24):2784-2794. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2023.2193451. Epub 2023 Mar 23.

Abstract

The objective of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the Safe Landing (SL), a 6-week technique-modification (TM) programme, on cutting and jump-landing movement quality in football players. In a non-randomized design, 32 male semi-professional football players from two Spanish clubs participated in the study: one served as the control group (CG,  = 11), while the other performed the SL ( = 15). Performance and movement quality of drop vertical jump and 70º change of direction (COD70) were evaluated through 2D video footage pre- and post-intervention. In such tasks, the Landing Error Scoring System for first (LESS1) and second (LESS2) landings, and the Cutting Movement Assessment Score (CMAS) were used for assessing movement quality. Pre-to-post changes and baseline-adjusted ANCOVA were used. Medium-to-large differences between groups at post-test were shown in CMAS, LESS1 and LESS2 ( < 0.082, ղ = 0.137-0.272), with small-to-large improvements in SL ( < 0.046, 0.546-1.307), and CG remaining unchanged ( > 0.05) pre-to-post. In COD70 performance, large differences were found between groups ( < 0.047, ղ = 0.160-0.253), with SL maintaining performance ( > 0.05, 0.039-0.420), while CG moderately decreasing performance ( = 0.024, 0.753) pre-to-post. The SL is a feasible and effective TM program to improve movement quality and thus potential injury risk in cutting and landing, while not negatively affecting performance.

摘要

本研究旨在评估“安全落地”(Safe Landing,SL)作为一项为期 6 周的技术修正(Technique-Modification,TM)方案的有效性,以提高足球运动员的切变和跳跃落地动作质量。在非随机设计中,来自西班牙两个俱乐部的 32 名男性半职业足球运动员参与了这项研究:一组为对照组(CG,n=11),另一组进行 SL 训练(SL,n=15)。干预前后通过二维视频片段评估了垂直跳和 70°变向(70° COD)的表现和动作质量。在这些任务中,使用落地错误评分系统(Landing Error Scoring System)评估第一(LESS1)和第二(LESS2)次落地的动作质量,以及切变运动评估得分(Cutting Movement Assessment Score,CMAS)。使用组内前后变化和基于基线的协方差分析进行评估。结果显示,在 CMAS、LESS1 和 LESS2 方面,SL 组在测试后具有中到大的组间差异(<0.082,效应量:0.137-0.272),而 SL 组在测试后表现出小到大的改善(<0.046,0.546-1.307),CG 组在测试前后保持不变(>0.05)。在 70° COD 性能方面,两组之间存在大的差异(<0.047,效应量:0.160-0.253),SL 组保持了性能(>0.05,0.039-0.420),而 CG 组在测试前后表现出中等程度的下降(=0.024,0.753)。SL 是一种可行且有效的 TM 方案,可以提高切变和落地的动作质量,从而降低潜在的受伤风险,而不会对表现产生负面影响。

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