Rajangam Jayaraman, Lakshmanan Arun Prasath, Rao K Umamaheswara, Jayashree D, Radhakrishnan Rajan, Roshitha B, Sivanandy Palanisamy, Sravani M Jyothi, Pravalika K Hanna
AMITY Institute of Pharmacy, AMITY University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226028, India.
Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar.
CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets. 2024;23(2):203-214. doi: 10.2174/1871527322666230321120618.
Bell palsy is a non-progressive neurological condition characterized by the acute onset of ipsilateral seventh cranial nerve paralysis. People who suffer from this type of facial paralysis develop a droop on one side of their face, or sometimes both. This condition is distinguished by a sudden onset of facial paralysis accompanied by clinical features such as mild fever, postauricular pain, dysgeusia, hyperacusis, facial changes, and drooling or dry eyes. Epidemiological evidence suggests that 15 to 23 people per 100,000 are affected each year, with a recurrence rate of 12%. It could be caused by ischaemic compression of the seventh cranial nerve, which could be caused by viral inflammation. Pregnant women, people with diabetes, and people with respiratory infections are more likely to have facial paralysis than the general population. Immune, viral, and ischemic pathways are all thought to play a role in the development of Bell paralysis, but the exact cause is unknown. However, there is evidence that Bell's hereditary proclivity to cause paralysis is a public health issue that has a greater impact on patients and their families. Delay or untreated Bell paralysis may contribute to an increased risk of facial impairment, as well as a negative impact on the patient's quality of life. For management, antiviral agents such as acyclovir and valacyclovir, and steroid treatment are recommended. Thus, early diagnosis accompanied by treatment of the uncertain etiology of the disorder is crucial. This paper reviews mechanistic approaches, and emerging medical perspectives on recent developments that encounter Bell palsy disorder.
贝尔麻痹是一种非进行性神经疾病，其特征为同侧第七颅神经麻痹急性发作。患有这种面瘫的人面部一侧会出现下垂，有时两侧都会出现。这种疾病的特点是突然发生面瘫，并伴有轻度发热、耳后疼痛、味觉障碍、听觉过敏、面部变化以及流口水或眼睛干涩等临床特征。流行病学证据表明，每年每10万人中有15至23人受影响，复发率为12%。它可能由第七颅神经的缺血性压迫引起，而这可能由病毒炎症导致。孕妇、糖尿病患者和呼吸道感染患者比普通人群更易患面瘫。免疫、病毒和缺血途径都被认为在贝尔麻痹的发病过程中起作用，但确切病因尚不清楚。然而，有证据表明贝尔麻痹的遗传易感性是一个对患者及其家庭有更大影响的公共卫生问题。贝尔麻痹延迟治疗或不治疗可能会增加面部损伤的风险，并对患者的生活质量产生负面影响。在治疗方面，推荐使用阿昔洛韦和伐昔洛韦等抗病毒药物以及类固醇治疗。因此，对病因不明的疾病进行早期诊断并加以治疗至关重要。本文综述了针对贝尔麻痹疾病的发病机制、新兴医学观点及最新进展。
