AbdElgawad Hamada, Mohammed Afrah E, van Dijk Jesper R, Beemster Gerrit T S, Alotaibi Modhi O, Saleh Ahmed M
Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
Front Plant Sci. 2023 Mar 7;14:1019859. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1019859. eCollection 2023.
Rice is a highly valuable crop consumed all over the world. Soil pollution, more specifically chromium (Cr), decreases rice yield and quality. Future climate CO (eCO) is known to affect the growth and yield of crops as well as the quality parameters associated with human health. However, the detailed physiological and biochemical responses induced by Cr in rice grains produced under eCO have not been deeply studied. Cr (200 and 400 mg Cr/Kg soil) inhibited rice yield and photosynthesis in Sakha 106, but to less extend in Giza 181 rice cultivar. Elevated CO reduced Cr accumulation and, consequently, recovered the negative impact of the higher Cr dose, mainly in Sakha 106. This could be explained by improved photosynthesis which was consistent with increased carbohydrate level and metabolism (starch synthases and amylase). Moreover, these increases provided a route for the biosynthesis of organic, amino and fatty acids. At grain quality level, eCO differentially mitigated Cr stress-induced reductions in minerals (e.g., P, Mg and Ca), proteins (prolamin, globulin, albumin, glutelin), unsaturated fatty acids (e.g., C20:2 and C24:1) and antioxidants (phenolics and total antioxidant capacity) in both cultivars. This study provided insights into the physiological and biochemical bases of eCO-induced grain yield and quality of Cr-stressed rice.
水稻是一种在全球范围内被广泛食用的高价值作物。土壤污染，尤其是铬（Cr），会降低水稻产量和品质。已知未来气候条件下的二氧化碳（eCO）会影响作物的生长和产量以及与人类健康相关的品质参数。然而，在eCO条件下生长的水稻籽粒中，Cr诱导的详细生理和生化反应尚未得到深入研究。在Sakha 106品种中，Cr（200和400毫克Cr/千克土壤）抑制了水稻产量和光合作用，但在Giza 181水稻品种中的抑制程度较小。升高的CO降低了Cr的积累，因此恢复了较高Cr剂量的负面影响，主要是在Sakha 106品种中。这可以通过光合作用的改善来解释，光合作用的改善与碳水化合物水平和代谢（淀粉合成酶和淀粉酶）的增加相一致。此外，这些增加为有机、氨基酸和脂肪酸的生物合成提供了途径。在籽粒品质方面，eCO在两个品种中均不同程度地减轻了Cr胁迫诱导的矿物质（如P、Mg和Ca）、蛋白质（醇溶蛋白、球蛋白、白蛋白、谷蛋白）、不饱和脂肪酸（如C20:2和C24:1）和抗氧化剂（酚类和总抗氧化能力）的减少。本研究深入探讨了eCO诱导的Cr胁迫水稻籽粒产量和品质的生理生化基础。
