Nashashibi Lauren, Khouri Marlyn, Meretyk Irit, Livni Tom, Cohen Noga, Fruchter Eyal
Rambam Health Care Campus and Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
Department of Special Education, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
Front Psychiatry. 2023 Mar 7;14:1105632. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1105632. eCollection 2023.
In August 2020 during Israel's second COVID-19 wave Rambam Medical Center opened the Sammy Ofer Fortified Underground Emergency Hospital. This was declared a regional Corona center in the north of Israel, receiving the most severe Corona patients from the region. Alongside the advanced inpatient capacity and technology within the underground facility, there was a severe shortage of trained medical and paramedical staff, as well as harsh working conditions. The current study examined the implications and effects of working in an underground facility on healthcare workers, focusing on emotion regulation tendencies and profession as predictors of job burnout.
Seventy-six healthcare workers, who had worked in the underground hospital for a minimum continuous period of 2 weeks during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic, and a control group of 40 healthcare workers from northern Israel were asked to fill out an online survey administered Qualtrics (total sample 116). The survey comprised six questionnaires: a demographic survey questionnaire; a COVID-19 concerns questionnaire; a psychological distress questionnaire (DASS, Depression Anxiety Stress Scale); trait worry (PSWQ; Penn State Worry Questionnaire); emotion regulation (ERQ, Emotion Regulation Questionnaire), and burnout (SMBM, Shirom - Melamed Burnout Measure).
Independent-samples -tests revealed no significant differences in psychological distress or burnout between Rambam Underground hospital workers and the control group. Conversely, COVID-19 concern scores were significantly different in the two groups, the Rambam hospital workers showing less concern ( = 2.9, = 0.73) than the control group ( = 3.47, = 0.76) [ = -3.974, < 0.001]. Hierarchical linear regression analysis identified the significant predictors of burnout among healthcare workers. Participants' profession (physician), psychological distress (total DASS score), and a personality trait of worry were statistically significant predictors for job burnout ( = 0.028, < 0.001, = 0.023, respectively). Concerns about COVID-19 marginally predicted job burnout ( = 0.09). Group (underground vs. control) and emotion regulation tendencies did not predict burnout.
The two groups showed no significant differences in psychological distress nor in burnout. Being a physician, having an intrinsic trait of being overly worried and experiencing psychological distress were significant predictors for job burnout among healthcare workers, regardless of work environment (underground vs. control).
2020年8月，在以色列第二波新冠疫情期间，拉姆巴姆医疗中心开设了萨米·奥弗强化地下应急医院。该医院被宣布为以色列北部的地区新冠中心，接收来自该地区病情最严重的新冠患者。除了地下设施内先进的住院治疗能力和技术外，训练有素的医护人员严重短缺，工作条件也很艰苦。本研究调查了在地下设施工作对医护人员的影响，重点关注情绪调节倾向和职业作为职业倦怠预测因素的情况。
76名医护人员在新冠疫情高峰期在地下医院连续工作至少2周，另外从以色列北部选取40名医护人员作为对照组，要求他们填写一份由Qualtrics管理的在线调查问卷（总样本116人）。该调查问卷包括六份问卷：一份人口统计调查问卷；一份新冠疫情担忧问卷；一份心理困扰问卷（DASS，抑郁焦虑压力量表）；特质担忧问卷（PSWQ，宾夕法尼亚州立大学担忧问卷）；情绪调节问卷（ERQ），以及职业倦怠问卷（SMBM，希罗姆 - 梅拉梅德职业倦怠量表）。
独立样本t检验显示，拉姆巴姆地下医院工作人员与对照组在心理困扰或职业倦怠方面没有显著差异。相反，两组在新冠疫情担忧得分上存在显著差异，拉姆巴姆医院工作人员的担忧程度（均值 = 2.9，标准差 = 0.73）低于对照组（均值 = 3.47，标准差 = 0.76）[t = -3.974，p < 0.001]。分层线性回归分析确定了医护人员职业倦怠的显著预测因素。参与者的职业（医生）、心理困扰（DASS总分）和担忧的人格特质是职业倦怠的统计学显著预测因素（分别为β = 0.028，p < 0.001，β = 0.023）。对新冠疫情的担忧对职业倦怠有轻微预测作用（β = 0.09）。组别（地下组与对照组）和情绪调节倾向不能预测职业倦怠。
两组在心理困扰和职业倦怠方面均无显著差异。无论工作环境如何（地下组与对照组），作为医生、具有过度担忧的内在特质以及经历心理困扰是医护人员职业倦怠的显著预测因素。
