Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801, USA.
J Anim Sci. 2023 Jan 3;101. doi: 10.1093/jas/skad087.
An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that inclusion of a conventional torula yeast or a torula yeast produced from forestry byproducts (i.e., woody torula yeast) in diets for weanling pigs instead of fish meal and plasma protein improves growth performance and intestinal health of pigs. A total of 120 weanling pigs (6.53 ± 0.78 kg) were allotted to three treatments with ten replicate pens per diet. Pigs were fed one of three diets from days 1 to 14 post-weaning (phase 1), whereas all pigs were fed a common diet in phase 2 (days 15 to 28). The three treatments in phase 1 included a control diet with 5% fish meal, 3.5% plasma protein, and no torula yeast. The second diet contained 1.5% fish meal, 14% woody torula yeast, and no plasma protein, whereas the third diet contained 1.5% fish meal, 14% conventional torula yeast, and no plasma protein. Fecal scores were assessed every other day. On day 7, one pig per pen was euthanized to collect ileal tissue and mucosa for determination of morphology and for ribonucleic acid (RNA) sequencing analysis. At the end of phases 1 and 2, blood samples were collected and concentrations of cytokines, plasma urea nitrogen (PUN), peptide YY, immunoglobulin G, total protein, and albumin were analyzed. Results indicated that both torula yeast sources could replace fish meal and plasma protein without affecting growth performance, intestinal morphology, or blood characteristics of pigs. Pigs fed a diet containing torula yeast had improved (P < 0.05) fecal scores during phase 1. Pigs fed the conventional torula yeast diet had greater (P < 0.05) concentration of interleukin-2 compared with pigs fed the control diet. On day 14, greater (P < 0.05) concentrations of interleukin-4 and interleukin-10 were observed in pigs fed the diet containing the woody torula yeast or conventional torula yeast compared with pigs fed the control diet. Results from the RNA sequencing indicated that 19 of 24 analyzed genes involved in digestion and absorption of protein and vitamins were downregulated in pigs fed the diet containing woody torula yeast compared with pigs fed the control diet. However, only two genes (i.e., ANKS4B and FAM54A) were downregulated in pigs fed the woody torula yeast diet compared with the conventional torula yeast diet. In conclusion, using woody or conventional torula yeast instead of fish meal and plasma protein in the phase 1 diet for weanling pigs may improve intestinal health without influencing growth performance of pigs.
进行了一项实验，以检验以下假设：在断奶仔猪的日粮中添加常规圆酵母或源自林业副产品（即木质圆酵母）的圆酵母，而不是鱼粉和血浆蛋白，可以改善仔猪的生长性能和肠道健康。将 120 头断奶仔猪（6.53±0.78kg）分配到三个处理组中，每个处理组有 10 个重复栏。仔猪在断奶后第 1 天至第 14 天（第 1 阶段）期间接受三种日粮中的一种喂养，而在第 2 阶段（第 15 天至第 28 天）所有仔猪均接受相同的日粮。第 1 阶段的三种处理包括一种对照日粮，含有 5%鱼粉、3.5%血浆蛋白和无圆酵母；第二种日粮含有 1.5%鱼粉、14%木质圆酵母和无血浆蛋白，而第三种日粮含有 1.5%鱼粉、14%常规圆酵母和无血浆蛋白。每隔一天评估粪便评分。在第 7 天，每栏一头猪被安乐死，以收集回肠组织和粘膜，用于确定形态和核糖核酸（RNA）测序分析。在第 1 和第 2 阶段结束时，采集血液样本并分析细胞因子、血浆尿素氮（PUN）、肽 YY、免疫球蛋白 G、总蛋白和白蛋白的浓度。结果表明，两种圆酵母来源均可替代鱼粉和血浆蛋白，而不影响仔猪的生长性能、肠道形态或血液特征。饲喂含有圆酵母的日粮的仔猪在第 1 阶段的粪便评分得到改善（P<0.05）。与对照组相比，饲喂常规圆酵母日粮的仔猪白细胞介素-2浓度更高（P<0.05）。在第 14 天，与对照组相比，饲喂含木质圆酵母或常规圆酵母日粮的仔猪白细胞介素-4和白细胞介素-10的浓度更高（P<0.05）。RNA 测序结果表明，与对照组相比，在饲喂含木质圆酵母的日粮的仔猪中，24 个参与蛋白质和维生素消化吸收的分析基因中有 19 个下调。然而，与饲喂常规圆酵母日粮的仔猪相比，只有两个基因（ANKS4B 和 FAM54A）在饲喂木质圆酵母日粮的仔猪中下调。总之，在断奶仔猪的第 1 阶段日粮中使用木质或常规圆酵母代替鱼粉和血浆蛋白可能会改善仔猪的肠道健康，而不会影响仔猪的生长性能。
