Timlin Claire L, Dickerson Sarah M, Fowler Jason W, Mccracken Fiona B, Skaggs Patrick M, Ekmay Ricardo, Coon Craig N
Four Rivers Kennel, Walker, MO 64790, USA.
Arbiom, Durham, NC 27703, USA.
J Anim Sci. 2024 Jan 3;102. doi: 10.1093/jas/skae013.
This study examined the effects of varying protein sources on apparent total tract digestibility, inflammatory markers, and fecal microbiota in Labrador Retrievers with historically poor stool quality. Thirty dogs (15 male, 15 female; aged 0.93 to 11.7 yr) with stool quality scores ≤2.5 on a 5-point scale (1 representing liquid stool and 5 representing firm stool) were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 nutritionally complete diets with differing protein sources and similar macronutrient profiles: 1) chicken meal (n = 10); 2) 10% brewer's yeast (n = 10); or 3) 10% torula yeast (n = 10). Another 10 dogs (five male, five female) with normal stool quality (scores ranging from 3 to 4) received diet 1 and served as negative control (NC). All dogs were fed diet 1 for 7 days, then provided their assigned treatment diets from days 7 to 37. Daily stool scores and weekly body weights were recorded. On days 7, 21, and 36, blood serum was analyzed for c-reactive protein (CRP), and feces for calgranulin C (S100A12), α1-proteinase inhibitor (α1-PI), calprotectin, and microbiota dysbiosis index. Apparent total tract digestibility was assessed using the indicator method with 2 g titanium dioxide administered via oral capsules. Stool scores were greater in NC (P < 0.01) as designed but not affected by treatment × time interaction (P = 0.64). Body weight was greater (P = 0.01) and CRP lower (P < 0.01) in NC dogs. Dry matter and nitrogen-free extract digestibility did not differ among groups (P ≥ 0.14). Negative controls had greater fat digestibility compared to BY (94.64 ± 1.33% vs. 91.65 ± 1.25%; P = 0.02). The overall effect of treatment was significant for protein digestibility (P = 0.03), but there were no differences in individual post hoc comparisons (P ≥ 0.07). Treatment did not affect S100A12 or α1-PI (P ≥ 0.44). Calprotectin decreased at a greater rate over time in TY (P < 0.01). The dysbiosis index score for BY and TY fluctuated less over time (P = 0.01). Blautia (P = 0.03) and Clostridium hiranonis (P = 0.05) abundances were reduced in BY and TY. Dogs with chronically poor stool quality experienced reduced body weights and increased serum CRP, but TY numerically increased protein digestibility, altered the microbiome, and reduced fecal calprotectin. Torula yeast is a suitable alternative protein source in extruded canine diets, but further research is needed to understand the long-term potential for improving the plane of nutrition and modulating gut health.
本研究考察了不同蛋白质来源对历史上粪便质量较差的拉布拉多猎犬表观总消化道消化率、炎症标志物和粪便微生物群的影响。30只狗（15只雄性，15只雌性；年龄0.93至11.7岁），粪便质量评分在5分制中≤2.5分（1分代表稀便，5分代表硬便），被随机分配到3种营养完整、蛋白质来源不同但宏量营养素组成相似的日粮中的一种：1）鸡肉粉（n = 10）；2）10%啤酒酵母（n = 10）；或3）10%圆酵母（n = 10）。另外10只粪便质量正常（评分3至4分）的狗（5只雄性，5只雌性）接受日粮1并作为阴性对照（NC）。所有狗先喂日粮1 7天，然后从第7天至第37天提供其分配的处理日粮。记录每日粪便评分和每周体重。在第7天、21天和36天，分析血清中的C反应蛋白（CRP），粪便中的钙粒蛋白C（S100A12）、α1-蛋白酶抑制剂（α1-PI）、钙卫蛋白和微生物群失调指数。使用指示剂法，通过口服胶囊给予2克二氧化钛来评估表观总消化道消化率。如设计的那样，NC组的粪便评分更高（P < 0.01），但不受处理×时间交互作用的影响（P = 0.64）。NC组狗的体重更大（P = 0.01），CRP更低（P < 0.01）。各组间干物质和无氮浸出物消化率无差异（P≥0.14）。阴性对照的脂肪消化率高于啤酒酵母组（94.64±1.33%对91.65±1.25%；P = 0.02）。处理对蛋白质消化率的总体影响显著（P = 0.03），但事后个体比较无差异（P≥0.07）。处理不影响S100A12或α1-PI（P≥0.44）。圆酵母组钙卫蛋白随时间下降的速率更大（P < 0.01）。啤酒酵母组和圆酵母组的失调指数评分随时间波动较小（P = 0.01）。啤酒酵母组和圆酵母组中布劳特氏菌属（P = 0.03）和平冢栖热放线菌（P = 0.05）的丰度降低。长期粪便质量差的狗体重减轻，血清CRP升高，但圆酵母在数值上提高了蛋白质消化率，改变了微生物群，并降低了粪便钙卫蛋白。圆酵母是挤压型犬粮中一种合适的替代蛋白质来源，但需要进一步研究以了解其在改善营养水平和调节肠道健康方面的长期潜力。
