An eco-friendly and sensitive deep eutectic solvent-based liquid-phase microextraction procedure for extraction preconcentration of Pb (II) ions.

In recent years, interest in green solvents, which are environmentally friendly, easy to prepare and biodegradable, and in their applications in chemistry has considerably increased. In the current study, a new and easy deep eutectic solvent-based liquid-phase microextraction method compatible with green chemistry principles was developed for preconcentration of Pb (II) ions. The amount of Pb (II) ions was determined with graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS). Various analytical parameters such as deep eutectic solvent (DES) ratio and amount, ligand amount, pH, sample volume were optimized and the effects of potential matrix ions on the method were investigated. The preconcentration factor of the method was found to be 160, while the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were found to be 0.071 µg L and 0.236 µg L, respectively. The developed procedure was performed to determine Pb (II) ions in lake and river waters, and the accuracy of the procedure was determined with certified reference wastewater (SPS-WW1) analysis.