Ning Liu, Abbasi Kashif Raza, Hussain Khadim, Alvarado Rafael, Ramzan Muhammad
School of International Economics and Trade, Shandong University of Finance and Economics, Jinan, 250014, China.
Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Management Sciences, ILMA University, Karachi, Pakistan.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023 Mar 25. doi: 10.1007/s11356-023-26414-6.
The environment's quality is the cornerstone for every country's long-term growth. Pakistan, like other countries, is embracing modern, efficient technologies to build a sustainable environment following the SDGs. In this situation, policymakers and experts have emphasized more on environmental factors. To do this, the study explores the impact of green innovation (GI), public-private partnerships in energy (PPP), energy use (EU), economic development (ED), and power prices (PP) on CO2 emissions in Pakistan from 1980 to 2019. The research uses a novel econometric technique for estimating environmental factors, notably the dynamic autoregressive distributed lag simulations (ARDLS) model and spectral frequency domain causality (SFDC), to examine positive and negative shocks for the prediction of the short-, medium-, and long-run impact of selected determinants, respectively. Additionally, robustness checks were performed using the fully modified OLS (FMOLS), dynamic OLS (DOLS), and canonical cointegrating regression (CCR) estimations. The short and long-term empirical findings indicate that GI lowers emissions; nevertheless, PPP, EU, and ED have a significant impact on emissions in the short run, while the EU increases emissions in the long run. PP, on the other hand, reduces emissions both short and long-term. The FMOLS, DOLS, and CCR estimations indicate significant discoveries. Additionally, the SFDC finding supports the long, medium, and short-term causation theories. This research advocates green innovation for a greener manufacturing process and PPP investment in renewable energy. In addition, the Pakistani government considers these variables while designing a comprehensive protracted environmental plan to meet SDGs 7 and 13.
环境质量是每个国家长期发展的基石。与其他国家一样，巴基斯坦正在采用现代高效技术，以按照可持续发展目标构建可持续环境。在这种情况下，政策制定者和专家更加重视环境因素。为此，本研究探讨了1980年至2019年期间绿色创新（GI）、能源领域的公私伙伴关系（PPP）、能源使用（EU）、经济发展（ED）和电价（PP）对巴基斯坦二氧化碳排放的影响。该研究采用了一种新颖的计量经济学技术来估计环境因素，特别是动态自回归分布滞后模拟（ARDLS）模型和频谱频域因果关系（SFDC），以分别检验正向和负向冲击，用于预测所选决定因素的短期、中期和长期影响。此外，还使用完全修正的OLS（FMOLS）、动态OLS（DOLS）和规范协整回归（CCR）估计进行了稳健性检验。短期和长期的实证结果表明，绿色创新降低了排放；然而，公私伙伴关系、能源使用和经济发展在短期内对排放有重大影响，而能源使用在长期内增加了排放。另一方面，电价在短期和长期内都减少了排放。FMOLS、DOLS和CCR估计显示出显著的发现。此外，SFDC的发现支持了长期、中期和短期的因果关系理论。本研究提倡绿色创新以实现更绿色的制造过程，并提倡对可再生能源进行公私伙伴关系投资。此外，巴基斯坦政府在制定全面的长期环境计划以实现可持续发展目标7和13时会考虑这些变量。
