A Novel Polysaccharide DSPP-1 from Durian Seed: Structure Characterization and Its Protective Effects Against Alzheimer's Disease in a Transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans Model.

Durian seeds are normally considered as agricultural waste in durian fruit processing, resulting in a huge waste of resources. The structure characterization of polysaccharide from durian seed and its neuroprotective effects against Alzheimer's disease (AD) in a transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans model were conducted in this study. A water-soluble polysaccharide was obtained using atmospheric pressure plasma treatment, and named DSPP-1. DSPP-1 was composed of rhamnose, galactose and galacturonic acid and its molecular weight was 3.765 × 10 Da. PDSP and DSPP-1 showed considerable antioxidant activity in the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging compared to the positive control (vitamin C). Besides, compared with the positive group (epigallocatechin gallate), PDSP and DSPP-1 exhibited the certain Abeta aggregation inhibitory effectiveness (p < 0.05). In contrast, DSPP-2 exerted a poor antioxidant and anti-aggregation effect (p < 0.05). In vivo results showed that DSPP-1 could decrease abnormal Aβ aggregation to delay the paralysis process of AD-nematodes. Moreover, DSPP-1 significantly improved the antioxidant enzyme activities and reduced lipid peroxidation in AD-nematodes. Taken together, these results indicated that DSPP-1 could be used as a potential natural source for the prevention and treatment of AD.