麻籽和亚麻籽对肉鸡消化道酶活性的影响。

Effects of hemp seed and flaxseed on enzyme activity in the broiler chicken digestive tract.

机构信息

Department of Nutrition Physiology and Animal Product Quality, Institute of Animal Science, Přátelství 815, 104 00 Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic.

出版信息

Animal. 2023 Apr;17(4):100765. doi: 10.1016/j.animal.2023.100765. Epub 2023 Mar 6.

DOI:10.1016/j.animal.2023.100765

PMID:36965210

Abstract

The activity of enzymes in the digestive tract is an important parameter for appropriate digestive tract function. Feed mixtures can be adjusted to support enzymatic activity in different parts of the digestive tract. Flaxseed and hemp seed are commodities and significant sources of nutrition, and their addition to feed could change enzymatic activity in the digestive tract and improve nutritional intake. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of flaxseed, hemp seed and a combination of both on basic enzymes in the polysaccharidase group, such as amylase, cellulase, pectinase, xylanase and inulinase; basic enzymes in the disaccharidase group, including maltase, invertase and lactase; proteinases and lipases in the digestive tract of broiler chickens. During the experiment, the control group was fed a diet without flaxseed or hemp seed. The diet of the second group contained 80 g/kg flaxseed, the diet of the third group contained 40 g/kg hemp seed, and the diets of the fourth to sixth groups contained 80 and 30 g/kg, 80 and 40 g/kg and 80 and 50 g/kg flaxseed and hemp seed, respectively. Enzyme activity was found to depend on the location in the digestive tract and the composition of the feed mixture (P < 0.05). Most enzymatic conversion occurs in the ileum, where the addition of flaxseed and hemp seed to the diet increased most enzyme activities, namely, amylase, cellulase, pectinase, xylanase, maltase, invertase, proteinase and lipase activities. The highest values of enzyme activity were found in groups IV-VI fed a combination of flaxseed and hempseed, especially in chickens fed diet VI (flaxseed and hemp seed at 80 and 50 g/kg). Growth performance results confirmed the enzyme activity results, as the weights of the chickens increased after the addition of flaxseed and/or hemp seed. The findings have economic implications, suggesting that feeding a diet with a combination of flaxseed and hemp seed is beneficial.

摘要

消化酶的活性是肠道功能正常的一个重要参数。饲料混合物可以进行调整以支持消化道不同部位的酶活性。亚麻籽和大麻籽是商品，也是重要的营养来源，将其添加到饲料中可能会改变消化道的酶活性，从而改善营养物质的摄入。本研究的目的是确定亚麻籽、大麻籽及其组合对多糖酶类（如淀粉酶、纤维素酶、果胶酶、木聚糖酶和菊粉酶）中的基础酶、二糖酶类（如麦芽糖酶、蔗糖酶和乳糖酶）中的基础酶、蛋白酶和脂肪酶在肉鸡消化道中的影响。在实验中，对照组饲喂不含亚麻籽或大麻籽的日粮。第二组日粮中含有 80g/kg 的亚麻籽，第三组日粮中含有 40g/kg 的大麻籽，第四至第六组日粮中分别含有 80 和 30g/kg、80 和 40g/kg、80 和 50g/kg 的亚麻籽和大麻籽。研究发现，酶活性取决于消化道的位置和饲料混合物的组成（P<0.05）。大多数酶转化发生在回肠，在回肠中，日粮中添加亚麻籽和大麻籽增加了大多数酶的活性，即淀粉酶、纤维素酶、果胶酶、木聚糖酶、麦芽糖酶、蔗糖酶、蛋白酶和脂肪酶的活性。在饲喂亚麻籽和大麻籽混合物的第四至第六组中发现了最高的酶活性值，特别是在饲喂第六组日粮（80g/kg 亚麻籽和 50g/kg 大麻籽）的鸡中。生长性能结果证实了酶活性的结果，因为添加亚麻籽和/或大麻籽后鸡的体重增加。研究结果具有经济意义，表明饲喂含有亚麻籽和大麻籽组合的日粮是有益的。