Ukai Masayasu, McGrath Stephanie, Wakshlag Joseph
1Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO.
2Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY.
J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2023 Mar 23;261(5):623-631. doi: 10.2460/javma.23.02.0064. Print 2023 May 1.
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is an integral neuromodulatory system involved in neuronal development, synaptic plasticity, and homeostasis regarding immunity, as well as brain and other physiological functions such as anxiety, pain, metabolic regulation, and bone growth. Cannabis is a plant that contains exogenous cannabinoids, which have the potential for profound interplay within the ECS as enzymatic inhibitors or receptor-mediated interactions. Activation of cannabinoid receptors leads to various intracellular signaling processes that are involved in cellular functions, but those interactions are diverse due to different affinities of each cannabinoid with relevant receptors. Among the exogenous cannabinoids, cannabidiol (CBD) has drawn attention due to its potential anticancer, antiangiogenic, anti-inflammatory, and antiseizure properties using in vitro and in vivo models. Although scientific evidence is limited in dogs, there appears to be cautious optimism regarding the utilization of CBD in conjunction with other therapeutics for a range of disorders. This review will primarily focus on current scientific research on the efficacy of CBD on seizure, anxiety, osteoarthritis, and atopic dermatitis, following a brief discussion of endo- and exogenous cannabinoids, ECS, their molecular mechanism, and potential side effects in veterinary medicine. Cannabinoid pharmacology and pharmacokinetics will be addressed in the companion Currents in One Health by Schwark and Wakshlag, AJVR, May 2023.
内源性大麻素系统（ECS）是一个不可或缺的神经调节系统，参与神经元发育、突触可塑性以及免疫、大脑等方面的内环境稳定，还涉及焦虑、疼痛、代谢调节和骨骼生长等其他生理功能。大麻是一种含有外源性大麻素的植物，这些外源性大麻素作为酶抑制剂或受体介导的相互作用，有可能在ECS内产生深刻的相互作用。大麻素受体的激活会导致各种参与细胞功能的细胞内信号传导过程，但由于每种大麻素与相关受体的亲和力不同，这些相互作用是多样的。在外源性大麻素中，大麻二酚（CBD）因其在体外和体内模型中具有潜在的抗癌、抗血管生成、抗炎和抗癫痫特性而受到关注。尽管在犬类中的科学证据有限，但对于将CBD与其他疗法联合用于一系列疾病的治疗，似乎存在谨慎的乐观态度。在简要讨论内源性和外源性大麻素、ECS、它们的分子机制以及兽医学中的潜在副作用之后，本综述将主要关注目前关于CBD对癫痫、焦虑、骨关节炎和特应性皮炎疗效的科学研究。大麻素药理学和药代动力学将在Schwark和Wakshlag于2023年5月发表在《美国兽医研究杂志》（AJVR）的《同一健康潮流》（Currents in One Health）中进行探讨。
