Department of Physics, University of the Free State, P. O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, ZA9300, South Africa.
Department of Physics, University of the Free State, P. O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, ZA9300, South Africa.
Anal Chim Acta. 2023 May 1;1253:341033. doi: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341033. Epub 2023 Mar 7.
Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), which is mainly composed of hydrocarbons, such as propane and butane, is a flammable gas that is considered a clean source of energy. Currently, the overwhelming use of LPG as fuel in vehicles, domestic settings, and industry has led to several incidents and deaths globally due to leakage. As a result, the appropriate detection of LPG is vital; thus, gas-sensing devices that can monitor this gas rapidly and accurately at room temperature, are required. This work reviews the current advances in LPG gas sensors, which operate at room temperature. The influences of the synthesis methods and parameters, doping, and use of catalysts on the sensing performance are discussed. The formation of heterostructures made from semiconducting metal oxides, polymers, and graphene-based materials, which enhance the sensor selectivity and sensitivity, is also discussed. The future trends and challenges confronted in the advancement of LPG room temperature operational gas sensors, and critical ideas concerning the future evolution of LPG gas sensors, are deliberated. Additionally, the advancements in the next-generation gas sensors, such as the wireless detection of LPG leakage, self-powered sensors driven by triboelectric/piezoelectric mechanisms, and artificial intelligent systems are also reviewed. This review further focuses on the use of smartphones to circumvent the use of costly instruments and paves the way for cost-efficient and portable monitoring of LPG. Finally, the approach of utilizing the Internet of Things (IoT) to detect/monitor the leakage of LPG has also been discussed, which will provide better alerts to the users and thus minimize the effects of leakages.
液化石油气（LPG）主要由丙烷和丁烷等烃类组成，是一种易燃气体，被认为是清洁能源。目前，LPG 在汽车、家庭和工业中作为燃料的大量使用在全球范围内导致了多起泄漏事故和人员死亡。因此，对 LPG 进行适当的检测至关重要；因此，需要能够在室温下快速、准确地监测这种气体的气体感测设备。本工作综述了目前在室温下工作的 LPG 气体传感器的最新进展。讨论了合成方法和参数、掺杂和使用催化剂对传感性能的影响。还讨论了由半导体金属氧化物、聚合物和基于石墨烯的材料形成的异质结构，这些异质结构增强了传感器的选择性和灵敏度。讨论了在推进 LPG 室温运行气体传感器方面所面临的未来趋势和挑战，以及关于 LPG 气体传感器未来发展的关键思路。此外，还回顾了下一代气体传感器的进展，例如 LPG 泄漏的无线检测、由摩擦电/压电机制驱动的自供电传感器以及人工智能系统。本综述进一步侧重于使用智能手机来规避使用昂贵仪器，并为低成本和便携式的 LPG 监测铺平道路。最后，还讨论了利用物联网（IoT）检测/监测 LPG 泄漏的方法，这将为用户提供更好的警报，从而最大限度地减少泄漏的影响。
