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环境风对高山速降滑雪运动员表现的影响。

Effect of ambient wind on the performance of alpine downhill skier.

机构信息

School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China.

Beijing's Key Laboratory of Structural Wind Engineering and Urban Wind Environment, Beijing, 100044, China.

出版信息

Sci Rep. 2023 Mar 25;13(1):4906. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-32107-4.

DOI:10.1038/s41598-023-32107-4
PMID:36966191
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10039862/
Abstract

Alpine skiing, especially alpine downhill, is one of the most extreme winter sports in terms of high-speed and narrow winning margin, and its tracks are always located in mountainous areas with high altitudes and complex ambient wind fields, resulting in a significant impact of ambient wind on the performance and the final ranking of alpine downhill skiers. In the present study, a method based upon the combination of field measurements, wind tunnel tests and kinematic simulations was used to evaluate the effect of ambient wind on the performance of an alpine downhill skier. Considering the effect of ambient wind, a kinematic model of the alpine skier-ski system was established, and the equations of motion for straight gliding and turning were deduced. Then, the Chinese National Alpine Ski Center (CNASC) downhill track was taken as a case study to investigate the effect of ambient wind on the gliding time using the proposed combined evaluation method. Field measurements and wind tunnel tests were performed to identify five critical ambient wind directions of 270°, 292.5°, 315°, 337.5° and 360°. Moreover, the wind speeds and the wind directions for 16 different measurement points of the downhill track were also obtained. The results of the modelling analysis showed that the finish time increased by 19.75% for the ambient wind direction of 270°, whereas the finish time decreased by 1.29% for the ambient wind direction of 360°.

摘要

高山滑雪，特别是高山速降，是冬季运动中速度最快、差距最小的极限运动之一，其赛道通常位于高海拔、环境风场复杂的山区，这使得环境风对高山速降滑雪运动员的表现和最终排名有着显著影响。在本研究中，采用了一种结合现场测量、风洞试验和运动学模拟的方法来评估环境风对高山速降运动员表现的影响。考虑环境风的影响，建立了高山滑雪运动员-雪板系统的运动学模型，并推导出了直线滑行和转弯的运动方程。然后，以中国国家高山滑雪中心（CNASC）速降赛道为例，使用提出的综合评价方法研究了环境风对滑行时间的影响。进行了现场测量和风洞试验，以确定五个关键的环境风方向：270°、292.5°、315°、337.5°和 360°。此外，还获得了速降赛道 16 个不同测量点的风速和风向。模型分析的结果表明，环境风方向为 270°时，完赛时间增加了 19.75%，而环境风方向为 360°时，完赛时间减少了 1.29%。

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