Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2023 Jun;42:103533. doi: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103533. Epub 2023 Mar 24.
Bacterial resistance against antibiotics remains a challenge and Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) may provide critical information concerning this.
In the current study, surface enhances Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has been used to determine the biochemical changes induced during the antibacterial activity of the in house synthesized imidazole derivative (1-benzyl-3-(sec‑butyl)-1H-imidazole-3-ium bromide) in comparison to commercially available drugs (fasygien) against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.
For this purpose, the antibacterial activity of this compound was assessed on Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli. The SERS spectral changes are detected which can be associated with the biochemical changes in the bacterial cells as a result of the application of both drugs, including fasygien and the imidazole derivative drug demonstrating the technique's potential for analyzing the antibacterial activities of drug candidates.
The chemometric techniques such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Partial Least Squares-Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) were performed for the differentiation of SERS spectral data sets of unexposed, exposed with imidazole derivative and commercially available antibacterial drugs for two different bacteria including E. coli and Bacillus.
PCA was found helpful for the qualitative differentiation of all drug-treated E. coli and Bacillus in the form of separate clusters of spectral data sets and PLS-DA discriminated the unexposed and the exposed bacteria with imidazole derivative and commercially available drug with 93% sensitivity and 96% specificity for Bacillus and with 90% sensitivity and 89% specificity for E. coli.
细菌对抗生素的耐药性仍然是一个挑战，而拉曼光谱（SERS）可能提供有关这方面的关键信息。
在当前的研究中，表面增强拉曼光谱（SERS）已被用于确定在合成的咪唑衍生物（1-苄基-3-（仲丁基）-1H-咪唑-3-溴化铵）的抗菌活性过程中诱导的生化变化，与市售药物（fasygien）相比，对革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌均具有抗菌活性。
为此，评估了该化合物对枯草芽孢杆菌和大肠杆菌的抗菌活性。检测到 SERS 光谱变化，这些变化可以与细菌细胞中的生化变化相关联，这些变化是由于两种药物（包括 fasygien 和咪唑衍生物药物）的应用所致，这证明了该技术用于分析候选药物抗菌活性的潜力。
采用主成分分析（PCA）和偏最小二乘判别分析（PLS-DA）等化学计量学技术，对未暴露、暴露于咪唑衍生物和市售抗菌药物的两种不同细菌（大肠杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌）的 SERS 光谱数据集进行了区分。
PCA 有助于定性区分所有经药物处理的大肠杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌，形成光谱数据集的单独聚类，而 PLS-DA 则以 93%的灵敏度和 96%的特异性区分未暴露和暴露于咪唑衍生物和市售药物的细菌，对枯草芽孢杆菌的特异性为 90%，对大肠杆菌的特异性为 89%。
