Faculty of Health Sciences, Anahuac University, Mexico City, Mexico, Naucalpan de Juárez, Estado de México, Mexico; Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, Hospital General de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico, Ciudad de México, CDMX, Mexico; Research Direction, Hospital General de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico, Ciudad de México, CDMX, Mexico; Neurosciences Coordination, Faculty of Psychology, Anahuac University, Mexico City, Mexico, Naucalpan de Juárez, Estado de México, Mexico.
Faculty of Health Sciences, Anahuac University, Mexico City, Mexico, Naucalpan de Juárez, Estado de México, Mexico; Alpha Health Sciences Leadership Program, Anahuac University, Mexico City, Mexico, Naucalpan de Juárez, Estado de México, Mexico.
World Neurosurg. 2023 Nov;179:49-59. doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.03.088. Epub 2023 Mar 24.
Mesoamerica is culturally rich in diverse aspects, such as nature, sociology, and archeology. Several neurosurgical techniques were described during the Pre-Hispanic era. In Mexico, various cultures, such as the Aztec, Mixtec, Zapotec, Mayan, Tlatilcan, and Tarahumara, developed surgical procedures using different tools to perform cranial and probably brain interventions. Trepanations, trephines, and craniectomies are different concepts utilized to describe skull operations, which were conducted to treat traumatic, neurodegenerative, and neuropsychiatric diseases, and as a prominent form of ritual practice. More than 40 skulls have been rescued and studied in this region. In addition to written medical sources, archeological vestiges allow a more profound comprehension of Pre-Columbian brain surgery. The purpose of this study is to present the existing evidence of cranial surgery in Pre-Hispanic Mexican civilizations and their worldwide counterparts, procedures that have contributed to the global neurosurgical armamentarium, and have significantly impacted the medical practice's evolution.
中美洲在自然、社会学和考古学等多个方面都具有丰富的文化内涵。在前西班牙时期，就已经有几种神经外科技术被描述过。在墨西哥，不同的文化，如阿兹特克、米斯特克、萨波特克、玛雅、特拉提尔坎和塔拉乌马拉，都使用不同的工具开发了外科手术程序，以进行颅骨和可能的脑部干预。环锯术、颅骨钻和颅骨切开术是用于描述颅骨手术的不同概念，这些手术是为了治疗创伤性、神经退行性和神经精神疾病，以及作为一种突出的仪式实践形式。在该地区已经抢救和研究了 40 多具颅骨。除了书面医学资料外，考古遗迹还可以更深入地了解前哥伦布时期的脑部手术。本研究的目的是展示前西班牙时期墨西哥文明及其全球对应文明的颅骨手术的现有证据，这些手术为全球神经外科学提供了帮助，并对医学实践的发展产生了重大影响。
