Sustainability Faculty, Leuphana University, Lüneburg, Germany.
Community and Academic Actions for Sustainable Development NGO, Hamburg, Germany.
Integr Environ Assess Manag. 2023 Jul;19(4):949-960. doi: 10.1002/ieam.4769. Epub 2023 Apr 12.
Governments commit to ensuring the welfare of their citizens by drafting and enforcing regulations that ultimately ensure the sustainability of mining. This study contributes to improving the sustainability of mining throughout the mine's lifecycle until the final destination of the mining products. We propose recommendations that address the sustainability of mining from a global perspective, framed around the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), following waste hierarchy with Common Agricultural Policies, and policies from the Green Deal on climate, energy, transport, and taxation. Tailings are the most significant source of environmental impact in mining operations and, therefore, must comply with controlling regulations through Tailings Management Facilities (TMFs). However, there have been several mining accidents involving TMFs worldwide. The recommendations begin during planning, preconstruction, and construction with practices such as fair consultations, tax revenue fairness, and mandatory insurance. The operation and management support parallel industries to mining and supporting health and education. Emergency planning involves the surrounding communities in mock drills and environmental monitoring. In the closure and rehabilitation, remediation technologies such as phytoremediation, carbon sequestration incentives, and biomass valorization are recommended. Finally, supporting a circular economy by prioritizing ethical consumption, resource reduction, material recovery, and replacing toxic minerals and materials from the start with "benign by design" is recommended. The strategies involve stakeholders directly or indirectly related to the mining companies' contamination and demonstrate a commitment to the SDGs, offering a holistic perspective on scientific, social, and regulatory issues. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2023;19:949-960. © 2023 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
各国政府通过起草和执行法规来保障公民的福利，这些法规最终确保了采矿业的可持续性。本研究有助于提高整个矿山生命周期直至采矿产品最终目的地的采矿可持续性。我们从全球角度出发，围绕联合国可持续发展目标（SDGs）提出了一些建议，遵循与共同农业政策相关的废物层级原则以及绿色协议中的气候、能源、交通和税收政策。尾矿是采矿业运营中对环境影响最大的来源，因此必须通过尾矿管理设施（TMF）遵守控制法规。然而，全球范围内已经发生了多起涉及 TMF 的采矿事故。建议从规划、施工前和施工阶段开始，采取公平协商、税收公平和强制保险等做法。运营和管理支持与采矿业并行的产业，以及支持健康和教育。应急计划涉及周边社区的模拟演习和环境监测。在关闭和恢复阶段，推荐采用植物修复、碳封存激励和生物质增值等修复技术。最后，通过优先考虑道德消费、资源减少、材料回收以及从一开始就用“设计良性”取代有毒矿物和材料，支持循环经济。这些策略直接或间接地涉及与采矿公司污染有关的利益相关者，体现了对可持续发展目标的承诺，从科学、社会和监管问题的角度提供了全面的观点。《综合环境评估与管理》2023 年；19：949-960。©2023 作者。综合环境评估与管理由 Wiley 期刊有限责任公司代表环境毒理与化学学会（SETAC）出版。
