Zhang Yating, Fung Juan F, Johnson Katherine J, Sattar Siamak
Applied Economics Office, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA.
Earthquake Engineering Group, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA.
J Earthq Eng. 2022;26(12). doi: 10.1080/13632469.2021.1911889.
This article reviews the current state of practice in seismic risk mitigation, focusing on policies in ten of the most earthquake-prone countries around the world. In particular, the review compares policies to retrofit existing buildings and mechanisms for financing seismic risk mitigation, within the context of seismic risk and design standards for each country. The goal of the review is to identify policy best practices that may be useful for national and local governments that are interested in improving their earthquake resilience. The result is a set of best practice recommendations that are organized conceptually around key stages of the seismic retrofit process: (1) risk assessment; (2) knowledge transfer; (3) setting targets; (4) implementation; and (5) monitoring. While these lessons may be valuable to any earthquake-prone country, the recommendations are framed with particular attention to the United States where seismic risk mitigation is primarily the responsibility of local governments.
本文回顾了地震风险缓解的当前实践状况，重点关注世界上十个地震最频发国家的政策。具体而言，该综述在每个国家的地震风险和设计标准背景下，比较了现有建筑改造政策以及地震风险缓解融资机制。该综述的目标是确定可能对有兴趣提高其地震恢复力的国家和地方政府有用的政策最佳实践。结果是一组最佳实践建议，这些建议围绕地震改造过程的关键阶段进行概念性组织：（1）风险评估；（2）知识转移；（3）设定目标；（4）实施；以及（5）监测。虽然这些经验教训可能对任何地震频发国家都有价值，但这些建议的制定特别关注美国，在美国，地震风险缓解主要是地方政府的责任。
