Zhang Yating, Fung Juan F, Cook Dustin, Johnson Katherine J, Sattar Siamak
Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742; PREP Researcher, Earthquake Engineering Group, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899.
Economist, Applied Economics Office, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899.
Nat Hazards Rev. 2024;25(3). doi: 10.1061/nhrefo.nheng-1910.
This paper reviews the state of the art in using benefit-cost analysis (BCA) to inform earthquake risk reduction decisions by building owners and policymakers. The goal is to provide a roadmap for the application and future development of BCA methods and tools for earthquake risk reduction. Our review covers three earthquake risk reduction measures: adopting up-to-date building codes for new construction, designing new buildings to exceed code requirements, and retrofitting deficient existing buildings. We highlight the factors that influence the cost-effectiveness of building design and retrofit, as well as tactics for increasing the cost-effectiveness of risk reduction strategies. We also present BCA results, methods, and data sources used in the literature to help researchers and practitioners design and conduct a reliable and robust BCA study. In the process, we develop a set of opportunities and challenges for applying BCA to new areas of research, as well as key gaps and limitations in current BCA approaches, including further investigation of above-code design, incorporation of code implementation and enforcement into BCA, quantification of environmental benefits of seismic retrofits, and optimization of seismic retrofits with energy upgrades. Overall, our review provides practical guidance and useful insights into BCA with the goal of increasing the earthquake resilience and economic efficiency of buildings in the United States.
本文回顾了运用效益成本分析（BCA）为建筑业主和政策制定者的地震风险降低决策提供信息的当前技术水平。目标是为BCA方法及地震风险降低工具的应用与未来发展提供路线图。我们的综述涵盖三项地震风险降低措施：为新建建筑采用最新建筑规范、设计超出规范要求的新建筑以及对有缺陷的现有建筑进行改造。我们强调了影响建筑设计和改造成本效益的因素，以及提高风险降低策略成本效益的策略。我们还展示了文献中使用的BCA结果、方法和数据源，以帮助研究人员和从业者设计并开展可靠且稳健的BCA研究。在此过程中，我们针对将BCA应用于新研究领域提出了一系列机遇与挑战，以及当前BCA方法中的关键差距和局限，包括对超规范设计的进一步研究、将规范实施与执行纳入BCA、量化抗震改造的环境效益以及将抗震改造与能源升级进行优化。总体而言，我们的综述为BCA提供了实用指导和有益见解，目标是提高美国建筑的抗震能力和经济效率。
