Tsai L S
California State University at Fullerton.
Percept Mot Skills. 1987 Oct;65(2):468-70. doi: 10.2466/pms.1987.65.2.468.
A cognitive maze was developed to study perceptual and conceptual processes in the discovery of relationships through inductive inference and flexible shifting of mental sets adaptive to changed problems. For example, the experimenter-tester presents a list of digits in consecutive pairs; subject-testee is asked to select one digit from each pair and tester answers "right" or "wrong" according to whether the choice agrees or disagrees with the hidden principle fixed for that particular problem. After reaching criterion, the principle is stated explicitly, and a new problem involving a different principle (odd or even number, high or low value, simple or double alternation) is presented. In two pilot studies, numbers of trials and errors to criterion correlated strongly with scores on WAIS Arithmetic, Digit Span, and Block Design for a randomly selected heterogeneous group of 10 testees and with course grades for 25 college students. This maze can be administered and scored by computer. Applications are many.
开发了一种认知迷宫，用于研究通过归纳推理发现关系以及灵活转换思维定势以适应变化问题的感知和概念过程。例如，实验者-测试者呈现一系列连续数字对；要求受试者-被测试者从每对数字中选择一个数字，测试者根据该选择是否符合针对该特定问题确定的隐藏原则回答“正确”或“错误”。达到标准后，明确说明该原则，然后呈现一个涉及不同原则（奇数或偶数、高值或低值、简单或双重交替）的新问题。在两项初步研究中，对于随机选择的10名被测试者组成的异质组，达到标准所需的试验次数和错误次数与韦氏成人智力量表算术、数字广度和积木图案得分密切相关，对于25名大学生则与课程成绩密切相关。这个迷宫可以通过计算机进行管理和评分。其应用广泛。
