Hammer R E, Hoffer N, King W L
City College of New York, City University of New York, USA.
Percept Mot Skills. 1995 Jun;80(3 Pt 1):771-8. doi: 10.2466/pms.1995.80.3.771.
Many researchers have found that more college-age adults than would be expected fail Piaget's water-level task, with women failing more frequently than men. It has been hypothesized that differences in cognitive style may account for performance differences on the water-level task. In the present study, 27 male and 27 female architectural students and 27 male and 27 female liberal-arts students were assessed for their performance on both Piaget's Water-level Task and Witkin's Group Embedded Figures Test. No difference was found in performance of male and female architectural students on either task, but male liberal-arts students scored significantly higher than female liberal-arts students on both measures. A disembedding cognitive style predicted success on the water-level task for the architectural students but not for the liberal arts students.
许多研究人员发现，未能通过皮亚杰水位任务的适龄大学生人数超出预期，且女性失败的频率高于男性。据推测，认知风格的差异可能是水位任务表现差异的原因。在本研究中，对27名男性和27名女性建筑系学生以及27名男性和27名女性文科学生在皮亚杰水位任务和威特金团体镶嵌图形测试中的表现进行了评估。在这两项任务中，未发现男女建筑系学生的表现存在差异，但在这两项测试中，男性文科学生的得分均显著高于女性文科学生。对于建筑系学生而言，一种分离式认知风格预示着在水位任务中会取得成功，但对于文科学生则不然。
