Department of Environmental and Global Health, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.
Department of Special Education, School Psychology, and Early Childhood Studies, College of Education, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.
Front Public Health. 2023 Mar 8;11:1003923. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1003923. eCollection 2023.
To identify risk factors associated with symptoms of anxiety, depression, and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) among children during the 1st year of the COVID-19 pandemic.
A longitudinal study with three cross-sectional timepoints [April 2020 ( = 273), October 2020 ( = 180), and April 2021 ( = 116)] was conducted at a K-12 public school in Florida. Infection and sero-positivity for SARS-CoV-2 was determined by molecular and serologic approaches. Adjusted odds ratios using mixed effect logistic regression models for symptom-derived indicators of anxiety, depression, and OCD in children in April 2021 are presented; past infection and seropositivity were included in the models.
The prevalence of anxiety, depression, or OCD moved from 47.1, to 57.2, to 42.2% across the three timepoints during the study. By endline of the study, in April 2021, non-white children were at higher risk for depression and OCD. Risk for anxiety, depression, and OCD was associated with students who lost a family member due to COVID-19 and who were identified as at-risk in previous timepoints. Rates of SARS-CoV-2 infection and seropositivity were low and not statistically associated with assessed outcomes.
In situations like the COVID-19 pandemic, targeted mental health interventions and screenings are needed in children and adolescents, especially among minority children.
确定与 COVID-19 大流行第一年儿童出现焦虑、抑郁和强迫症（OCD）症状相关的风险因素。
在佛罗里达州的一所 K-12 公立学校进行了一项纵向研究，共有三个横断面时间点[2020 年 4 月（=273）、2020 年 10 月（=180）和 2021 年 4 月（=116）]。通过分子和血清学方法确定 SARS-CoV-2 的感染和血清阳性。使用混合效应逻辑回归模型，对 2021 年 4 月儿童的焦虑、抑郁和 OCD 症状指标进行了调整后比值比的计算；模型中纳入了既往感染和血清阳性情况。
在研究期间的三个时间点，焦虑、抑郁或 OCD 的患病率从 47.1%上升至 57.2%，再降至 42.2%。到研究结束时，即 2021 年 4 月，非白人儿童患抑郁和 OCD 的风险更高。焦虑、抑郁和 OCD 的风险与因 COVID-19 失去家庭成员的学生以及在前几个时间点被确定为处于风险中的学生相关。SARS-CoV-2 感染和血清阳性率较低，且与评估结果无统计学关联。
在 COVID-19 大流行等情况下，需要对儿童和青少年，尤其是少数民族儿童，进行有针对性的心理健康干预和筛查。
