Stinson Elizabeth A, Sullivan Ryan M, Peteet Bridgette J, Tapert Susan F, Baker Fiona C, Breslin Florence J, Dick Anthony S, Gonzalez Marybel Robledo, Guillaume Mathieu, Marshall Andrew T, McCabe Connor J, Pelham William E, Van Rinsveld Amandine, Sheth Chandni S, Sowell Elizabeth R, Wade Natasha E, Wallace Alexander L, Lisdahl Krista M
Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin at Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
Department of Psychology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California.
Biol Psychiatry Glob Open Sci. 2021 Dec;1(4):324-335. doi: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2021.08.007. Epub 2021 Sep 29.
During the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States, mental health among youth has been negatively affected. Youth with a history of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), as well as youth from minoritized racial-ethnic backgrounds, may be especially vulnerable to experiencing COVID-19-related distress. The aims of this study are to examine whether exposure to pre-pandemic ACEs predicts mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic in youth and whether racial-ethnic background moderates these effects.
From May to August 2020, 7983 youths (mean age, 12.5 years; range, 10.6-14.6 years) in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study completed at least one of three online surveys measuring the impact of the pandemic on their mental health. Data were evaluated in relation to youths' pre-pandemic mental health and ACEs.
Pre-pandemic ACE history significantly predicted poorer mental health across all outcomes and greater COVID-19-related stress and impact of fears on well-being. Youths reported improved mental health during the pandemic (from May to August 2020). While reporting similar levels of mental health, youths from minoritized racial-ethnic backgrounds had elevated COVID-19-related worry, stress, and impact on well-being. Race and ethnicity generally did not moderate ACE effects. Older youths, girls, and those with greater pre-pandemic internalizing symptoms also reported greater mental health symptoms.
Youths who experienced greater childhood adversity reported greater negative affect and COVID-19-related distress during the pandemic. Although they reported generally better mood, Asian American, Black, and multiracial youths reported greater COVID-19-related distress and experienced COVID-19-related discrimination compared with non-Hispanic White youths, highlighting potential health disparities.
在美国新冠疫情期间，青少年的心理健康受到了负面影响。有童年不良经历（ACEs）史的青少年，以及来自少数族裔背景的青少年，可能特别容易受到与新冠疫情相关的困扰。本研究的目的是检验疫情前接触ACEs是否能预测青少年在新冠疫情期间的心理健康，以及种族背景是否会调节这些影响。
2020年5月至8月，青少年大脑认知发展（ABCD）研究中的7983名青少年（平均年龄12.5岁；范围10.6 - 14.6岁）完成了三项在线调查中的至少一项，这些调查测量了疫情对他们心理健康的影响。数据根据青少年疫情前的心理健康状况和ACEs进行评估。
疫情前的ACEs史在所有结果中都显著预测了更差的心理健康状况，以及与新冠疫情相关的更大压力和恐惧对幸福感的影响。青少年报告在疫情期间（2020年5月至8月）心理健康有所改善。虽然报告的心理健康水平相似，但来自少数族裔背景的青少年有更高的与新冠疫情相关的担忧、压力以及对幸福感的影响。种族和族裔一般不会调节ACEs的影响。年龄较大的青少年、女孩以及疫情前内化症状更严重的青少年也报告了更严重的心理健康症状。
在童年经历了更多逆境的青少年在疫情期间报告了更大的负面影响和与新冠疫情相关的困扰。尽管他们总体上报告情绪较好，但与非西班牙裔白人青少年相比，亚裔美国青少年、黑人青少年和多种族青少年报告了更大的与新冠疫情相关的困扰，并经历了与新冠疫情相关的歧视，这凸显了潜在的健康差异。
