椰子油与心血管疾病风险。
Coconut Oil and Cardiovascular Disease Risk.
机构信息
Institute for Evidence in Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisacher Straße 86, 79110, Freiburg, Germany.
German Diabetes Center, Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, Düsseldorf, Germany.
出版信息
Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2023 May;25(5):231-236. doi: 10.1007/s11883-023-01098-y. Epub 2023 Mar 27.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
This narrative review summarizes the current peer-reviewed literature and mechanisms surrounding the cardiovascular health impact of coconut oil.
RECENT FINDINGS
No randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and/or prospective cohort studies have investigated the effect or association of coconut oil with cardiovascular disease. Evidence from RCTs indicated that coconut oil seems to have less detrimental effects on total and LDL-cholesterol compared to butter, but not compared to cis-unsaturated vegetable oils, such as safflower, sunflower, or canola oil. The isocaloric replacement (by 1% of energy intake) of carbohydrates with lauric acid (the predominant fatty acid in coconut oil) increased total cholesterol by 0.029 mmol/L (95% CI: 0.014; 0.045), LDL-cholesterol by 0.017 mmol/L (0.003; 0.031), and HDL-cholesterol by 0.019 mmol/L (0.016; 0.023). The current evidence from shorter term RCTs suggests that replacement of coconut oil with cis-unsaturated oils lowers total and LDL-cholesterol, whereas for the association between coconut oil intake and cardiovascular disease, less evidence is available.
综述目的
本文对椰子油对心血管健康影响的现有同行评议文献和机制进行了总结。
最近的发现
尚无随机对照试验（RCT）和/或前瞻性队列研究调查过椰子油对心血管疾病的影响或相关性。RCT 的证据表明，与黄油相比，椰子油似乎对总胆固醇和 LDL 胆固醇的影响较小，但与红花、葵花或菜籽油等顺式不饱和植物油相比则不然。用月桂酸（椰子油中的主要脂肪酸）等量替代（占能量摄入的 1%）碳水化合物会使总胆固醇增加 0.029mmol/L（95%CI：0.014；0.045），LDL-胆固醇增加 0.017mmol/L（0.003；0.031），HDL-胆固醇增加 0.019mmol/L（0.016；0.023）。目前较短 RCT 的证据表明，用顺式不饱和油替代椰子油可降低总胆固醇和 LDL 胆固醇，而关于椰子油摄入与心血管疾病之间的关联，证据较少。
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