Qi Ying, Dong Xinxin, Cheng Xiaowei, Xu Han, Wang Jin, Wang Bing, Chen Ye, Sun Baijun, Zhang Linlin, Yao Yan
Shenyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenyang, 110102, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China.
J Microbiol. 2023 Apr;61(4):471-478. doi: 10.1007/s12275-023-00033-9. Epub 2023 Mar 27.
Norovirus is one of the leading causes of acute gastroenteritis outbreaks worldwide. This study aimed to identify the epidemiological characteristics of norovirus outbreaks and to provide evidence for public health entities. Specimens and epidemiological survey data were collected to determine if there were differences in the attack rate of norovirus in terms of the year, season, transmission route, exposure setting, and region and to determine whether there were relationships between the reporting interval, the number of illnesses in a single outbreak and the duration of the outbreak. Norovirus outbreaks were reported throughout the year, with seasonal characteristics (i.e., high rates in spring and winter). Among all regions in Shenyang with the exception of Huanggu and Liaozhong, norovirus outbreaks had been reported, and the primary genotype was GII.2[P16]. Vomiting was the most common symptom. The main places of occurrence were childcare institutions and schools. The person-to-person route was the main transmission route. The median duration of norovirus was 3 days (IQR [interquartile range]: 2-6 days), the median reporting interval was 2 days (IQR: 1-4 days), the median number of illnesses in a single outbreak was 16 (IQR: 10-25); there was a positive correlation between these parameters. Norovirus surveillance and genotyping studies still need to be further strengthened to increase knowledge regarding the pathogens and their variant characteristics, to better characterize the patterns of norovirus outbreaks and to provide information for outbreak prevention. Norovirus outbreaks should be detected, reported and handled early. Public health entities and the government should develop corresponding measures for different seasons, transmission routes, exposure settings, and regions.
诺如病毒是全球急性胃肠炎暴发的主要病因之一。本研究旨在确定诺如病毒暴发的流行病学特征，并为公共卫生机构提供依据。收集标本和流行病学调查数据，以确定诺如病毒的罹患率在年份、季节、传播途径、暴露环境和地区方面是否存在差异，并确定报告间隔、单次暴发中的病例数和暴发持续时间之间是否存在关联。诺如病毒暴发全年均有报告，具有季节性特征（即春季和冬季发病率较高）。在沈阳除皇姑和辽中之外的所有地区均报告了诺如病毒暴发，主要基因型为GII.2[P16]。呕吐是最常见的症状。主要发生场所为托幼机构和学校。人传人途径是主要传播途径。诺如病毒暴发的中位持续时间为3天（四分位间距[IQR]：2 - 6天），中位报告间隔为2天（IQR：1 - 4天），单次暴发的中位病例数为16例（IQR：10 - 25例）；这些参数之间存在正相关。诺如病毒监测和基因分型研究仍需进一步加强，以增加对病原体及其变异特征的了解，更好地描述诺如病毒暴发模式，并为暴发预防提供信息。应尽早发现、报告和处理诺如病毒暴发。公共卫生机构和政府应针对不同季节、传播途径、暴露环境和地区制定相应措施。
