Alves Lucas, Abreo Lee, Petkari Eleni, Pinto da Costa Mariana
Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
J Affect Disord. 2023 Jul 1;332:283-298. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.03.081. Epub 2023 Mar 25.
The specific factors that may influence burnout levels in police officers are not yet clear. Our aim was to systematically identify the psychosocial risk and protective factors associated with burnout among police officers.
This systematic review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). A protocol was registered in PROSPERO. A search strategy was applied to Medline via OvidSP, PsycInfo, Scopus and Web of Science. The quality assessment entailed the use of the CASP checklist for cohort studies. The data was reported through a narrative synthesis.
After removing studies based on the selection criteria, 41 studies were included in this review. The findings were synthesized under the following subheadings: socio-demographic factors; organisational factors; operational factors; personality variables and coping strategies. Organisational and operational factors were found to be the most predominant risk factors for burnout. Personality variables and coping strategies appeared as both risk and protective factors. Socio-demographic factors were weak in explaining burnout.
Most studies are from high-income countries. Not all used the same burnout measurement tool. All relied on self-reported data. Since 98 % had a cross-sectional design, causal inferences could not be made.
Burnout, despite being strictly defined as an occupational phenomenon, is related to factors outside of this context. Future research should focus on examining the reported associations by using more robust designs. More attention must be paid to police officers' mental health by investing in developing strategies to mitigate adverse factors and maximise the effects of protective factors.
可能影响警察职业倦怠水平的具体因素尚不清楚。我们的目的是系统地确定与警察职业倦怠相关的社会心理风险和保护因素。
本系统评价遵循系统评价和Meta分析的首选报告项目（PRISMA）进行。在PROSPERO中注册了一项方案。通过OvidSP、PsycInfo、Scopus和Web of Science对Medline应用了检索策略。质量评估采用队列研究的CASP清单。数据通过叙述性综合报告。
根据选择标准剔除研究后，本评价纳入41项研究。研究结果按以下小标题进行综合：社会人口学因素；组织因素；工作因素；人格变量和应对策略。组织和工作因素被发现是职业倦怠最主要的风险因素。人格变量和应对策略既表现为风险因素，也表现为保护因素。社会人口学因素在解释职业倦怠方面作用较弱。
大多数研究来自高收入国家。并非所有研究都使用相同的职业倦怠测量工具。所有研究都依赖自我报告数据。由于98%的研究采用横断面设计，无法进行因果推断。
职业倦怠尽管被严格定义为一种职业现象，但与这一背景之外的因素有关。未来的研究应侧重于采用更稳健的设计来检验所报告的关联。必须通过投资制定减轻不利因素和最大化保护因素作用的策略，更加关注警察的心理健康。
