Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, CIUSSS du Nord-de-I'lle-de-Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
J Sleep Res. 2023 Oct;32(5):e13893. doi: 10.1111/jsr.13893. Epub 2023 Mar 27.
Sleep plays a fundamental role in brain development and resultant functions. The aim was to verify whether nocturnal sleep duration during early childhood has long-term associations with academic achievement at age 10 years. The present study is part of the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Child Development, a representative cohort of infants born in 1997-1998 in the province of Quebec, Canada. Children with known neurological conditions were excluded from this cohort. Four trajectories of parent-reported nocturnal sleep duration at ages 2.5, 3, 4, 5 and 6 years were determined using a SAS procedure named PROC TRAJ. Sleep duration at age 10 years was also reported. Teachers provided data on academic performance when the children were age 10 years. These data were available for 910 children (430 boys, 480 girls; 96.6% Caucasians). Univariate and multivariable logistic regressions were performed using SPSS. Children who slept less than 8 hr per night at 2.5 years but normalized later on (Traj1) had three-five times the odds of having grades below the class average in reading, writing, mathematics and science compared with children who slept sufficiently (Traj3-4: 10-11 hr per night). Children who slept about 9 hr per night throughout childhood (Traj2) had two-three times the odds of being below the class average in mathematics and science. Sleep duration at age 10 years was not correlated with the academic performance. These results point to the presence of a very important early period during which sufficient sleep is needed to fine-tune the functions necessary for academic achievement later on.
睡眠在大脑发育和功能方面起着基础性作用。本研究旨在验证儿童在早期的夜间睡眠时间是否与 10 岁时的学业成绩存在长期关联。本研究是魁北克儿童发展纵向研究的一部分，该研究是对加拿大魁北克省 1997-1998 年出生的婴儿进行的代表性队列研究。本队列排除了患有已知神经疾病的儿童。使用 SAS 程序 PROC TRAJ 确定了 2.5、3、4、5 和 6 岁时父母报告的夜间睡眠时间的 4 种轨迹。还报告了 10 岁时的睡眠时长。当孩子们 10 岁时，教师提供了学业成绩的数据。共有 910 名儿童（430 名男孩，480 名女孩；96.6%为白种人）的数据可用。使用 SPSS 进行了单变量和多变量逻辑回归。与睡眠时间充足的儿童（轨迹 3-4：每晚 10-11 小时）相比，2.5 岁时每晚睡眠时间少于 8 小时但后来恢复正常的儿童（轨迹 1）在阅读、写作、数学和科学方面的成绩低于班级平均水平的几率高出三到五倍。整个童年时期每晚睡眠时间约为 9 小时的儿童（轨迹 2）在数学和科学方面成绩低于班级平均水平的几率高出两到三倍。10 岁时的睡眠时间与学业成绩无关。这些结果表明，存在一个非常重要的早期阶段，在此期间需要充足的睡眠来微调以后学业成绩所需的功能。
