González-Morales María, Rodríguez-González Mª Ángeles, Fernández-Pozo Luis
Environmental Resources Analysis (ARAM) Research Group, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain.
Toxics. 2023 Mar 17;11(3):275. doi: 10.3390/toxics11030275.
An abandoned sphalerite mining area in the southwest (SW) of the Iberian Peninsula was studied to evaluate the impact that the presence of metal(loid)s has on soil and ecosystem health. Five zones were delimited: sludge, dump, scrubland, riparian zone, and dehesa. Critical total levels of lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), thallium (Tl), and chromium (Cr), well above the limit indicative of toxicity problems, were found in the areas close to the sources of contamination. Pb-Zn concentrations were very high in the riparian zone, reaching values of 5875 mg/kg Pb and 4570 mg/kg Zn. The whole area is classifiable as extremely contaminated with Tl, with concentrations above 370 mg/kg in the scrubland. Cr accumulation mainly occurred in areas away from the dump, with levels up to 240 mg/kg in the dehesa. In the study area, several plants were found growing luxuriantly despite the contamination. The measured metal(loid)s content is the cause of a significant decrease in ecosystem services, resulting in unsafe soils for food and water production, so the implementation of a decontamination program is advisable. The plant species , present in the sludge, scrubland, riparian zone, and dehesa, is postulated as suitable for use in phytoremediation.
对伊比利亚半岛西南部一个废弃的闪锌矿矿区进行了研究，以评估金属（类金属）的存在对土壤和生态系统健康的影响。划定了五个区域：污泥区、排土场、灌丛地、河岸带和德埃萨（一种半自然生态系统）。在靠近污染源的区域发现铅（Pb）、锌（Zn）、铊（Tl）和铬（Cr）的临界总量水平，远高于表明存在毒性问题的限值。河岸带的铅锌浓度非常高，铅含量达到5875毫克/千克，锌含量达到4570毫克/千克。整个区域可归类为铊极度污染，灌丛地的铊浓度高于370毫克/千克。铬的积累主要发生在远离排土场的区域，德埃萨的铬含量高达240毫克/千克。在研究区域，尽管受到污染，仍发现有几种植物生长茂盛。测得的金属（类金属）含量是生态系统服务显著下降的原因，导致土壤不适于粮食和水生产，因此建议实施去污计划。存在于污泥区、灌丛地、河岸带和德埃萨的植物物种被认为适合用于植物修复。
