Department of Biophysics of Immune System, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic.
Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic.
Toxins (Basel). 2023 Feb 21;15(3):169. doi: 10.3390/toxins15030169.
Freshwater cyanobacterial harmful blooms (CyanoHABs) produce a variety of toxic and bioactive compounds including lipopolysaccharides (LPSs). The gastrointestinal tract can be exposed to them via contaminated water even during recreational activities. However, there is no evidence of an effect of CyanoHAB LPSs on intestinal cells. We isolated LPSs of four CyanoHABs dominated by different cyanobacterial species and LPSs of four laboratory cultures representing the respective dominant cyanobacterial genera. Two intestinal and one macrophage cell lines were used to detect pro-inflammatory activity of the LPS. All LPSs isolated from CyanoHABs and laboratory cultures induced cytokines production in at least one model, except for LPSs from the PCC7806 culture. LPSs isolated from cyanobacteria showed unique migration patterns in SDS-PAGE that were qualitatively distinct from those of endotoxins from Gram-negative bacteria. There was no clear relationship between the biological activity of the LPS and the share of genomic DNA of Gram-negative bacteria in the respective biomass. Thus, the total share of Gram-negative bacteria, or the presence of -like LPSs, did not explain the observed pro-inflammatory activities. The pro-inflammatory properties of environmental mixtures of LPSs from CyanoHABs indicate their human health hazards, and further attention should be given to their assessment and monitoring.
淡水蓝藻有害藻华（CyanoHABs）会产生多种有毒和生物活性化合物，包括脂多糖（LPSs）。即使在娱乐活动期间，胃肠道也可能通过受污染的水接触到它们。然而，目前尚无证据表明 CyanoHAB LPSs 对肠道细胞有影响。我们从由不同蓝藻物种主导的四种 CyanoHABs 中分离出 LPSs，以及从代表各自优势蓝藻属的四种实验室培养物中分离出 LPSs。使用两种肠细胞系和一种巨噬细胞系来检测 LPS 的促炎活性。除了来自 PCC7806 培养物的 LPS 之外，从 CyanoHABs 和实验室培养物中分离出的所有 LPSs 都至少在一种模型中诱导细胞因子的产生。从蓝藻中分离出的 LPSs 在 SDS-PAGE 中显示出独特的迁移模式，在质量上与革兰氏阴性菌内毒素明显不同。LPS 的生物活性与各自生物量中革兰氏阴性菌基因组 DNA 的份额之间没有明显的关系。因此，革兰氏阴性菌的总份额或类似 LPSs 的存在并不能解释观察到的促炎活性。来自 CyanoHABs 的 LPS 环境混合物的促炎特性表明它们对人类健康构成危害，因此应进一步关注它们的评估和监测。
