Widaningsih Widaningsih, Ariestania Vivin, Ashrin Meinar N, Prananingrum Widyasri, Rahmitasari Fitri, Apituley Terry, Joshua Alvin, W Yeremia Alfred, Fauzia Bunga, Nanik Chaterina D, Lestari Oka
Prosthodontic Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Hang Tuah University, Surabaya, Indonesia.
Dental Materials Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Hang Tuah University, Surabaya, Indonesia.
Eur J Dent. 2024 Feb;18(1):154-160. doi: 10.1055/s-0043-1761595. Epub 2023 Mar 28.
Yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (Y-TZP) is one of the materials that can be used as an alternative material for dental implants because of its good mechanical, biocompatible, and aesthetic properties. The binder used for ceramic processing to help bond is polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), which can increase the density of the ceramic material, and polyethylene glycol (PEG), which is used as a plasticizer for PVA, so it is pretty soft when pressed.
The sample was divided into five groups for volume shrinkage and compressive strength examination consisting of K1 (PVA 100%), K2 (PEG 100%), P1 (PVA:PEG 95:5), P2 (PVA:PEG 90:10), and P3 (PVA:PEG 85:15) and four groups on the surface roughness test, namely, K (PVA:PEG 1%), P1 (PVA:PEG 2%), P2 (PVA:PEG 3%), and P3 (PVA:PEG 4%). PVA:PEG binder with various concentrations was mixed with Y-TZP. The mixture was pressed using a uniaxial pressing method and continued by sintering at 1200°C for 4 hours.
Least significant difference (LSD) test result showed that there was a significant difference in the compressive strength value and shrinkage volume between groups K1 and K2 and P3, and groups K2 with P1, P2, and P3. Post hoc LSD surface roughness test showed a significant difference between groups K with P2 and P3 and P1 and P3 ( < 0.05). There were no significant differences ( > 0.05) between K with P1 and P2 with P3.
The Y-TZP group with the PVA binder mixture had the highest compressive strength, while the highest volume shrinkage was found in the PEG group. The next highest compressive strength and volume shrinkage values were found in the PVA:PEG group with a ratio of 95:5, 102.44 MPa, and 12.5%. The best PVA:PEG ratio of 95:5 is used to make surface roughness measurement samples. The best results showed that mixing Y-TZP with 4% PVA:PEG binder had the highest surface roughness compared to other PVA:PEG binders, namely 1.3450 μm.
From this study, it can be concluded that the best PVA:PEG percentage ratio to produce volume shrinkage and compressive strength is 95:5. The higher the concentration of PVA:PEG (95:5) binder mixed with Y-TZP, the higher the porosity will be.
钇稳定四方氧化锆多晶体（Y-TZP）因其良好的机械性能、生物相容性和美学性能，是可作为牙科种植体替代材料的材料之一。用于陶瓷加工以辅助粘结的粘结剂是聚乙烯醇（PVA），它可提高陶瓷材料的密度，还有聚乙二醇（PEG），其用作PVA的增塑剂，因此压制时相当柔软。
将样品分为五组进行体积收缩率和抗压强度检测，包括K1（100%PVA）、K2（100%PEG）、P1（PVA:PEG 95:5）、P2（PVA:PEG 90:10）和P3（PVA:PEG 85:15），以及四组进行表面粗糙度测试，即K（PVA:PEG 1%）、P1（PVA:PEG 2%）、P2（PVA:PEG 3%）和P3（PVA:PEG 4%）。将不同浓度的PVA:PEG粘结剂与Y-TZP混合。混合物采用单轴压制法压制，然后在1200°C烧结4小时。
最小显著差（LSD）检验结果表明，K1组与K2组和P3组之间，以及K2组与P1组、P2组和P3组之间的抗压强度值和收缩体积存在显著差异。事后LSD表面粗糙度测试表明，K组与P2组和P3组以及P1组和P3组之间存在显著差异（P<0.05）。K组与P1组以及P2组与P3组之间无显著差异（P>0.05）。
含PVA粘结剂混合物的Y-TZP组具有最高的抗压强度，而PEG组的体积收缩率最高。抗压强度和体积收缩率的次高值出现在比例为95:5的PVA:PEG组，分别为102.44MPa和12.5%。95:5的最佳PVA:PEG比例用于制作表面粗糙度测量样品。最佳结果表明，与其他PVA:PEG粘结剂相比，将Y-TZP与4%的PVA:PEG粘结剂混合时表面粗糙度最高，即1.3450μm。
从本研究可以得出结论，产生体积收缩率和抗压强度的最佳PVA:PEG百分比比例为95:5。与Y-TZP混合的PVA:PEG（95:5）粘结剂浓度越高，孔隙率越高。
