除孢子外，外孢糖 anthrose 影响有荚膜炭疽杆菌的顺式和反式营养期基因调控。

Beyond the spore, the exosporium sugar anthrose impacts vegetative Bacillus anthracis gene regulation in cis and trans.

机构信息

Spatial Epidemiology and Ecology Research Laboratory, Department of Geography, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.

Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.

出版信息

Sci Rep. 2023 Mar 28;13(1):5060. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-32162-x.

The Bacillus anthracis exosporium nap is the outermost portion of spore that interacts with the environment and host systems. Changes to this layer have the potential to impact wide-ranging physiological and immunological processes. The unique sugar, anthrose, normally coats the exosporium nap at its most distal points. We previously identified additional mechanisms rendering B. anthracis anthrose negative. In this work, several new ant B. anthracis strains are identified and the impact of anthrose negativity on spore physiology is investigated. We demonstrate that live-attenuated Sterne vaccines as well as culture filtrate anthrax vaccines generate antibodies targeting non-protein components of the spore. The role of anthrose as a vegetative B. anthracis Sterne signaling molecule is implicated by luminescent expression strain assays, RNA-seq experiments, and toxin secretion analysis by western blot. Pure anthrose and the sporulation-inducing nucleoside analogue decoyinine had similar effects on toxin expression. Co-culture experiments demonstrated gene expression changes in B. anthracis depend on intracellular anthrose status (cis) in addition to anthrose status of extracellular interactions (trans). These findings provide a mechanism for how a unique spore-specific sugar residue affects physiology, expression and genetics of vegetative B. anthracis with impacts on the ecology, pathogenesis, and vaccinology of anthrax.

炭疽杆菌外孢子的 NAP 是孢子与环境和宿主系统相互作用的最外层。这一层的变化有可能影响广泛的生理和免疫过程。通常，独特的糖——anthrose 覆盖在孢子 NAP 的最远端。我们之前已经确定了其他使炭疽杆菌 anthrose 阴性的机制。在这项工作中，我们鉴定了几种新的抗炭疽杆菌菌株，并研究了 anthrose 阴性对孢子生理学的影响。我们证明，活减毒斯特恩疫苗和培养滤液炭疽疫苗会产生针对孢子非蛋白成分的抗体。发光表达菌株测定、RNA-seq 实验和 Western blot 分析的毒素分泌表明，anthrose 是炭疽杆菌斯特恩信号分子的一种有性生殖形式。荧光表达菌株测定、RNA-seq 实验和 Western blot 分析的毒素分泌表明，anthrose 作为一种有性生殖炭疽杆菌斯特恩信号分子的作用。荧光表达菌株测定、RNA-seq 实验和 Western blot 分析的毒素分泌表明，anthrose 作为一种有性生殖炭疽杆菌斯特恩信号分子的作用。荧光表达菌株测定、RNA-seq 实验和 Western blot 分析的毒素分泌表明，anthrose 作为一种有性生殖炭疽杆菌斯特恩信号分子的作用。

纯 anthrose 和诱导孢子形成的核苷类似物 decoyinine 对毒素表达有相似的影响。共培养实验表明，B. anthracis 的基因表达变化取决于细胞内 anthrose 状态（cis）以及细胞外相互作用的 anthrose 状态（trans）。这些发现提供了一种机制，说明一种独特的孢子特异性糖残基如何影响有性生殖炭疽杆菌的生理学、表达和遗传学，并对炭疽的生态学、发病机制和疫苗学产生影响。