Larrinaga-Undabarrena Arkaitz, Río Xabier, Sáez Iker, Martinez Aguirre-Betolaza Aitor, Albisua Neritzel, Martínez de Lahidalga Aguirre Gorka, Sánchez Isla José Ramón, Urbano Mikel, Guerra-Balic Myriam, Fernández Juan Ramón, Coca Aitor
Department of Physical Activity and Sport Science, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of Deusto, 48007 Bilbao, Spain.
Department of Physical Activity and Health, Osasuna Mugimendua Kontrola S.L. Mugikon, 48450 Etxebarri, Spain.
Children (Basel). 2023 Mar 15;10(3):551. doi: 10.3390/children10030551.
The socioeconomic and built environment of an area are interrelated with health data and have a direct influence on children's development. There are facilitators and barriers for schools to promote physical activity depending on the socioeconomic status of the school. The aim of this study was to analyse the relationship between physical activity and sleep and the socioeconomic level of children in the Basque Country. The sample consisted of 1139 schoolchildren between the ages of six and seventeen (566 boys and 573 girls) from 75 schools (43 public and 32 private). Differences between groups were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test (two samples), Kruskal-Wallis one-factor ANOVA (k samples), and Spearman's Rho correlation. There are sex differences in light (200.8 ± 62.5 vs. 215.9 ± 54.7) and moderate (69.0 ± 34.3 vs. 79.9 ± 32.1) physical activity in favour of the female group of higher socioeconomic status compared to male group of higher socioeconomic status. In the case of vigorous physical activity, the female group performed less than the male group across all socioeconomic statuses, which was statistically significant in the groups of high socioeconomic status (11.6 ± 9.3 vs. 6.9 ± 5.7) in group 2 and medium socioeconomic status (11.1 ± 9.3 vs. 7.7 ± 6.1) in group 3. There is an inverse relationship between sedentary behaviour and BMI, total bed time, total sleep time, and night-time awakenings. There is also an inverse relationship between all levels of physical activity performed with respect to BMI and total sleep efficiency. These data point towards notable inequalities in physical activity and daily sleep in Basque schoolchildren, which in turn may be marginalised in our current school system due to the effects of the socioeconomic environment.
一个地区的社会经济和建筑环境与健康数据相互关联，并对儿童的发育产生直接影响。学校促进体育活动存在促进因素和障碍，这取决于学校的社会经济地位。本研究的目的是分析巴斯克地区儿童的体育活动、睡眠与社会经济水平之间的关系。样本包括来自75所学校（43所公立学校和32所私立学校）的1139名6至17岁的学童（566名男孩和573名女孩）。使用曼-惠特尼U检验（两个样本）、克鲁斯卡尔-沃利斯单因素方差分析（k个样本）和斯皮尔曼等级相关来比较组间差异。在轻度（200.8±62.5与215.9±54.7）和中度（69.0±34.3与79.9±32.1）体育活动方面存在性别差异，社会经济地位较高的女性组优于社会经济地位较高的男性组。在剧烈体育活动方面，在所有社会经济地位组中，女性组的表现均低于男性组，在第2组高社会经济地位组（11.6±9.3与6.9±5.7）和第3组中等社会经济地位组（11.1±9.3与7.7±6.1）中具有统计学意义。久坐行为与BMI、总卧床时间、总睡眠时间和夜间觉醒之间存在负相关。在BMI和总睡眠效率方面，所有体育活动水平之间也存在负相关。这些数据表明，巴斯克地区学童在体育活动和日常睡眠方面存在显著不平等，由于社会经济环境的影响，这反过来可能在我们当前的学校系统中被边缘化。
