School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK.
Department of Oncology, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy.
Cells. 2023 Mar 8;12(6):846. doi: 10.3390/cells12060846.
Cholangiocarcinomas (CCAs) are aggressive tumors arising along the biliary tract epithelium, whose incidence and mortality are increasing. CCAs are highly desmoplastic cancers characterized by a dense tumor microenvironment (TME), in which each single component plays a fundamental role in shaping CCA initiation, progression and resistance to therapies. The crosstalk between cancer cells and TME can affect the recruitment, infiltration and differentiation of immune cells. According to the stage of the disease and to intra- and inter-patient heterogeneity, TME may contribute to either protumoral or antitumoral activities. Therefore, a better understanding of the effect of each immune cell subtype may open the path to new personalized immune therapeutic strategies for the management of CCA. In this review, we describe the role of immune cells in CCA initiation and progression, and their crosstalk with both cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and the cancer-stem-cell-like (CSC) niche.
胆管癌（CCA）是一种起源于胆管上皮的侵袭性肿瘤，其发病率和死亡率正在上升。CCA 是一种高度促结缔组织增生性癌症，其特征是肿瘤微环境（TME）致密，其中每个单一成分在塑造 CCA 的发生、进展和对治疗的耐药性方面都起着至关重要的作用。癌细胞与 TME 之间的串扰会影响免疫细胞的募集、浸润和分化。根据疾病的阶段以及患者内和患者间的异质性，TME 可能有助于促进肿瘤或抗肿瘤活性。因此，更好地了解每种免疫细胞亚型的作用可能为管理 CCA 开辟新的个性化免疫治疗策略的道路。在这篇综述中，我们描述了免疫细胞在 CCA 的发生和进展中的作用，以及它们与癌相关成纤维细胞（CAF）和癌症干细胞样（CSC）龛之间的串扰。
