Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
Africa Health Research Institute, Somkhele, Myeki 3935, South Africa.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Mar 14;20(6):5090. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20065090.
The nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR) is associated with race/ethnicity but has not been evaluated among smokers in the African region. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from a large randomized, controlled trial for smoking cessation among people with HIV (PWH) in South Africa. Urine samples were analyzed for the NMR and evaluated as a binary variable using a cutoff value of the fourth quartile to determine the fastest metabolizers. The median NMR was 0.31 (IQR: 0.31, 0.32; range: 0.29, 0.57); the cut-point for fast metabolizers was ≥0.3174 ng/mL. A high NMR was not associated with the number of cigarettes per day (OR = 1.10, 95% CI: 0.71, 1.70, = 0.66) but was associated with 40% lower odds of a quit attempt in the past year (OR = 0.69; 95% CI: 0.44, 1.07, = 0.09) and alcohol use (OR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.32, 1.06, = 0.07). No association was seen with marijuana or HIV clinical characteristics. As we found only minimal variability in the NMR and minimal associations with intensity of smoking, NMR may be of limited clinical value in this population, although it may inform which individuals are less likely to make a quit attempt.
尼古丁代谢物比值（NMR）与种族/民族有关，但尚未在非洲地区的吸烟者中进行评估。我们对南非一项大型针对 HIV 感染者（PWH）戒烟的随机对照试验的基线数据进行了横断面分析。尿液样本用于分析 NMR，并使用四分位第四分位数的截断值评估为二分类变量，以确定最快代谢者。NMR 的中位数为 0.31（IQR：0.31，0.32；范围：0.29，0.57）；快速代谢者的切点为≥0.3174ng/ml。高 NMR 与每天吸烟的数量无关（OR=1.10，95%CI：0.71，1.70，=0.66），但与过去一年戒烟尝试的可能性降低 40%相关（OR=0.69；95%CI：0.44，1.07，=0.09）和饮酒（OR=0.59，95%CI：0.32，1.06，=0.07）。与大麻或 HIV 临床特征无关联。由于我们仅发现 NMR 有极小的变异性，与吸烟强度的关联也极小，因此在该人群中，NMR 的临床价值可能有限，尽管它可能提示哪些人不太可能尝试戒烟。
