College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Mar 8;24(6):5214. doi: 10.3390/ijms24065214.
Skeletal muscle is an important economic trait in duck breeding; however, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of its embryonic development. Here, the transcriptomes and metabolomes of breast muscle of Pekin duck from 15 (E15_BM), 21 (E21_BM), and 27 (E27_BM) days of incubation were compared and analyzed. The metabolome results showed that the differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs), including the up-regulated metabolites, l-glutamic acid, n-acetyl-1-aspartylglutamic acid, l-2-aminoadipic acid, 3-hydroxybutyric acid, bilirubin, and the significantly down-regulated metabolites, palmitic acid, 4-guanidinobutanoate, myristic acid, 3-dehydroxycarnitine, and s-adenosylmethioninamine, were mainly enriched in metabolic pathways, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, biosynthesis of cofactors, protein digestion and absorption, and histidine metabolism, suggesting that these pathways may play important roles in the muscle development of duck during the embryonic stage. Moreover, a total of 2142 (1552 up-regulated and 590 down-regulated), 4873 (3810 up-regulated and 1063 down-regulated), and 2401 (1606 up-regulated and 795 down-regulated) DEGs were identified from E15_BM vs. E21_BM, E15_BM vs. E27_BM and E21_BM vs. E27_BM in the transcriptome, respectively. The significantly enriched GO terms from biological processes were positive regulation of cell proliferation, regulation of cell cycle, actin filament organization, and regulation of actin cytoskeleton organization, which were associated with muscle or cell growth and development. Seven significant pathways, highly enriched by , , , , , , , , , , and , were focal adhesion, regulation of actin cytoskeleton, wnt signaling pathway, insulin signaling pathway, extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction, cell cycle, and adherens junction, which participated in regulating the development of skeletal muscle in Pekin duck during the embryonic stage. KEGG pathway analysis of the integrated transcriptome and metabolome indicated that the pathways, including arginine and proline metabolism, protein digestion and absorption, and histidine metabolism, were involved in regulating skeletal muscle development in embryonic Pekin duck. These findings suggested that the candidate genes and metabolites involved in crucial biological pathways may regulate muscle development in the Pekin duck at the embryonic stage, and increased our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the avian muscle development.
骨骼肌是鸭养殖中的一个重要经济性状，但对于其胚胎发育的分子机制知之甚少。本研究比较和分析了孵化 15 天（E15_BM）、21 天（E21_BM）和 27 天（E27_BM）的北京鸭胸肌的转录组和代谢组。代谢组学结果表明，差异积累代谢物（DAMs），包括上调代谢物 l-谷氨酸、N-乙酰-1-天冬酰谷氨酸、l-2-氨基己二酸、3-羟基丁酸、胆红素和显著下调代谢物棕榈酸、4-胍基丁酸、肉豆蔻酸、3-脱氢肉碱和 S-腺苷甲硫氨酸，主要富集在代谢途径、次生代谢物生物合成、辅因子生物合成、蛋白质消化吸收和组氨酸代谢途径中，表明这些途径可能在鸭胚胎发育过程中对肌肉发育起着重要作用。此外，在转录组中，E15_BM 与 E21_BM、E15_BM 与 E27_BM 和 E21_BM 与 E27_BM 之间分别鉴定出 2142 个（1552 个上调和 590 个下调）、4873 个（3810 个上调和 1063 个下调）和 2401 个（1606 个上调和 795 个下调）差异表达基因。生物过程中显著富集的 GO 术语是细胞增殖的正调控、细胞周期的调控、肌动蛋白丝的组织和肌动蛋白细胞骨架的组织，与肌肉或细胞的生长和发育有关。七个显著富集途径，包括粘着斑、肌动蛋白细胞骨架的调控、Wnt 信号通路、胰岛素信号通路、细胞外基质（ECM）-受体相互作用、细胞周期和黏着连接，参与调节胚胎北京鸭骨骼肌的发育。整合转录组和代谢组的 KEGG 通路分析表明，精氨酸和脯氨酸代谢、蛋白质消化吸收和组氨酸代谢等途径参与调节胚胎北京鸭骨骼肌的发育。这些发现表明，参与关键生物途径的候选基因和代谢物可能调节胚胎期北京鸭的肌肉发育，增加了我们对禽类肌肉发育分子机制的理解。
