Melash Anteneh Agezew, Bytyqi Bekir, Nyandi Muhoja Sylivester, Vad Attila Miklós, Ábrahám Éva Babett
Kálmán Kerpely Doctoral School of Crop Production and Horticultural Science, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi Street 138, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Environmental Science, Debark University, North Gondar, Debark P.O. Box 90, Ethiopia.
Life (Basel). 2023 Mar 17;13(3):824. doi: 10.3390/life13030824.
How crop biodiversity adapts to drought conditions and enhances grain yield became the most important issue facing agronomists and plant breeders at the turn of the century. Variations in genetic response, inadequacy of nutrients in the soil, and insufficient access to nutrients are factors that aggravate drought stressors. The development of screening tools for identifying drought tolerance is important in the deployment of durum wheat varieties suited to drought-prone environments. An experiment was conducted to evaluate durum wheat varieties under a range of nutrient supplies in naturally imposed drought conditions. The treatments consisting of two nitrogen regimes (i.e., control and 60 kg ha), four durum wheat varieties, and three types of nutrients (control, sulfur, and zinc) that were arranged in a split-split plot design with three replications. Both foliar-based sulfur and zinc fertilization were employed at the flag leaf stage, at a rate of 4 and 3-L ha, respectively. The results showed a significant ( < 0.05) genetic variation in chlorophyll concentration, grain protein content, tillering potential, and leaf area index. Varieties that contained better leaf chlorophyll content had improved grain yield by about 8.33% under 60 kg/ha nitrogen. A combined application of nitrogen and zinc at flag leaf stage significantly improved grain yield of Duragold by about 21.3%. Leaf chlorophyll content was found to be a more important trait than spikes per m to discriminate durum wheat varieties. Foliar application of sulfur increased the grain yield of drought-stressed plants by about 12.23%. Grain yield and protein content were strongly correlated with late-season SPAD readings. Significant ( < 0.05) correlation coefficients were obtained between normalized difference vegetation index, leaf area index, grain yield, and protein content with late-season chlorophyll content, revealing the importance of chlorophyll content in studying and identifying drought-tolerant varieties.
作物生物多样性如何适应干旱条件并提高谷物产量，成为世纪之交农学家和植物育种家面临的最重要问题。遗传反应的差异、土壤养分不足以及养分获取不足，都是加剧干旱胁迫的因素。开发用于鉴定耐旱性的筛选工具，对于部署适合干旱频发环境的硬粒小麦品种至关重要。开展了一项实验，以评估在自然干旱条件下一系列养分供应水平下的硬粒小麦品种。处理包括两种氮素水平（即对照和60千克/公顷）、四个硬粒小麦品种以及三种养分类型（对照、硫和锌），采用裂区裂区设计，重复三次。在旗叶期分别以4升/公顷和3升/公顷的用量进行叶面施硫和施锌。结果表明，叶绿素浓度、籽粒蛋白质含量、分蘖潜力和叶面积指数存在显著（<0.05）的遗传变异。在60千克/公顷氮素水平下，叶片叶绿素含量较高的品种籽粒产量提高了约8.33%。在旗叶期联合施用氮和锌，显著提高了Duragold品种的籽粒产量，增幅约为21.3%。发现叶片叶绿素含量是区分硬粒小麦品种比每平方米穗数更重要的性状。叶面施硫使干旱胁迫植株的籽粒产量提高了约12.23%。籽粒产量和蛋白质含量与生育后期的SPAD读数密切相关。归一化植被指数、叶面积指数、籽粒产量和蛋白质含量与生育后期叶绿素含量之间获得了显著（<0.05）的相关系数，揭示了叶绿素含量在研究和鉴定耐旱品种中的重要性。
