José Maria Helena, Canejo João Paulo, Godinho Maria Helena
CENIMAT|i3N, Department of Materials Science, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon and CEMOP/UNINOVA, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
Materials (Basel). 2023 Mar 21;16(6):2503. doi: 10.3390/ma16062503.
Catastrophic oil spill accidents, oily industrial wastewater, and other types of uncontrolled release of oils into the environment are major global issues since they threaten marine ecosystems and lead to a big economic impact. It can also affect the public health of communities near the polluted area. This review addresses the different types of oil collecting methods. The focus of this work will be on the different approaches to materials and technologies for oil/water separation, with a special focus on water/oil emulsion separation. Emulsified oil/water mixtures are extremely stable dispersions being, therefore, more difficult to separate as the size of the droplets in the emulsion decreases. Oil-absorbent materials, such as sponges, foams, nanoparticles, and aerogels, can be adjusted to have both hydrophobic and oleophilic wettability while displaying a porous structure. This can be advantageous for targeting oil spills in large-scale environmental and catastrophic sets since these materials can easily absorb oil. Oil adsorbent materials, for example, meshes, textiles, membranes, and clays, involve the capture of the oily material to the surface of the adsorbent material, additionally attracting more attention than other technologies by being low-cost and easy to manufacture.
灾难性的石油泄漏事故、含油工业废水以及其他类型的石油无控制排放到环境中是重大的全球性问题，因为它们威胁海洋生态系统并造成巨大的经济影响。这也会影响污染区域附近社区的公众健康。本综述探讨了不同类型的油收集方法。这项工作的重点将是油/水分离的材料和技术的不同方法，特别关注水/油乳液分离。乳化油/水混合物是极其稳定的分散体，因此，随着乳液中液滴尺寸的减小，分离变得更加困难。吸油材料，如海绵、泡沫、纳米颗粒和气凝胶，可以调整为具有疏水和亲油的润湿性，同时呈现多孔结构。这对于大规模环境和灾难性场景中的溢油处理可能是有利的，因为这些材料可以轻松吸收油。吸油材料，例如网、纺织品、膜和粘土，涉及将油性物质捕获到吸附材料的表面，此外，由于成本低且易于制造，比其他技术更受关注。
