Gamal Amr, Aboelhadid Shawky M, Abo El-Ela Fatma I, Abdel-Baki Abdel-Azeem S, Ibrahium Samar M, El-Mallah Almahy M, Al-Quraishy Saleh, Hassan Ahmed O, Gadelhaq Sahar M
Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt.
Parasitology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt.
Microorganisms. 2023 Mar 13;11(3):733. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms11030733.
Carvacrol is a monoterpenoid phenol found in many essential oils that has antibacterial, antifungal and antiparasitic activities. Drug loaded-invasome systems are used to deliver drugs utilizing nanoparticles to improve bioavailability, efficacy, and drug release duration. As a result, the present study developed carvacrol-loaded invasomes and evaluated their acaricidal effect against (cattle tick) and (dog tick). Carvacrol loaded-invasome (CLI) was prepared and characterized using UV/Vis spectrophotometer, zeta potential measurements, Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopy, and Differential Scanning Calorimetry Analysis. CLI (5%) induced significant mortality (100%) in adult ticks with LC of 2.60%, whereas the LC of pure carvacrol was 4.30%. Carvacrol and CLI were shown to have a significant larvicidal action on both tick species, with LCs of 0.24 and 0.21% against and 0.27 and 0.23% against , respectively. Carvacrol and CLI (5%) induced significant repellent activities for 24 h against and , as evidenced by the rod method and the petri-dish selective area choice method, respectively. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) demonstrated that the CLI form had 3.86 times the permeability of pure carvacrol. Moreover, carvacrol and CLI inhibited acetylcholinesterase activity and decreased glutathione and malonedealdehyde levels in the treated ticks. In conclusion, invasomes significantly improved adulticidal and repellency activities of carvacrol against both tick species.
香芹酚是一种存在于多种精油中的单萜类酚,具有抗菌、抗真菌和抗寄生虫活性。载药入侵体系统用于利用纳米颗粒递送药物,以提高生物利用度、疗效和药物释放持续时间。因此,本研究开发了载香芹酚入侵体,并评估了它们对微小牛蜱和血红扇头蜱的杀螨效果。使用紫外/可见分光光度计、zeta电位测量、扫描透射电子显微镜(STEM)、傅里叶变换红外(FT-IR)光谱和差示扫描量热分析对载香芹酚入侵体(CLI)进行了制备和表征。CLI(5%)对微小牛蜱成虫诱导了显著的死亡率(100%),LC50为2.60%,而纯香芹酚的LC50为4.30%。香芹酚和CLI对两种蜱虫均显示出显著的杀幼虫作用,对微小牛蜱的LC50分别为0.24%和0.21%,对血红扇头蜱的LC50分别为0.27%和0.23%。香芹酚和CLI(5%)分别通过杆法和培养皿选择性区域选择法证明,对微小牛蜱和血红扇头蜱具有24小时显著的驱避活性。高效液相色谱(HPLC)表明,CLI形式的渗透率是纯香芹酚的3.86倍。此外,香芹酚和CLI抑制了处理蜱虫体内的乙酰胆碱酯酶活性,并降低了谷胱甘肽和丙二醛水平。总之,入侵体显著提高了香芹酚对两种蜱虫的成虫杀灭和驱避活性。