Retter Alice, Haas Johannes Christoph, Birk Steffen, Stumpp Christine, Hausmann Bela, Griebler Christian, Karwautz Clemens
Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, 1030 Wien, Austria.
Institute of Earth Sciences, NAWI Graz Geocenter, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria.
Microorganisms. 2023 Mar 17;11(3):779. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms11030779.
Rivers are the "tip of the iceberg", with the underlying groundwater being the unseen freshwater majority. Microbial community composition and the dynamics of shallow groundwater ecosystems are thus crucial, due to their potential impact on ecosystem processes and functioning. In early summer and late autumn, samples of river water from 14 stations and groundwater from 45 wells were analyzed along a 300 km transect of the Mur River valley, from the Austrian alps to the flats at the Slovenian border. The active and total prokaryotic communities were characterized using high-throughput gene amplicon sequencing. Key physico-chemical parameters and stress indicators were recorded. The dataset was used to challenge ecological concepts and assembly processes in shallow aquifers. The groundwater microbiome is analyzed regarding its composition, change with land use, and difference to the river. Community composition and species turnover differed significantly. At high altitudes, dispersal limitation was the main driver of groundwater community assembly, whereas in the lowland, homogeneous selection explained the larger share. Land use was a key determinant of the groundwater microbiome composition. The alpine region was more diverse and richer in prokaryotic taxa, with some early diverging archaeal lineages being highly abundant. This dataset shows a longitudinal change in prokaryotic communities that is dependent on regional differences affected by geomorphology and land use.
河流只是“冰山一角”，其下方的地下水才是未被看见的淡水主体。因此，浅层地下水生态系统中的微生物群落组成和动态变化至关重要，因为它们可能会对生态系统过程和功能产生影响。在初夏和深秋时节，沿着穆尔河谷300公里的断面，从奥地利阿尔卑斯山到斯洛文尼亚边境的平原地带，对14个站点的河水样本和45口井的地下水样本进行了分析。利用高通量基因扩增子测序对活跃和总的原核生物群落进行了表征。记录了关键的物理化学参数和压力指标。该数据集被用于挑战浅层含水层中的生态概念和群落构建过程。对地下水微生物组的组成、随土地利用的变化以及与河流的差异进行了分析。群落组成和物种更替存在显著差异。在高海拔地区，扩散限制是地下水群落构建的主要驱动因素，而在低地，均质选择解释了更大的比例。土地利用是地下水微生物组组成的关键决定因素。高山地区的原核生物分类群更加多样和丰富，一些早期分化的古菌谱系非常丰富。该数据集显示了原核生物群落的纵向变化，这种变化取决于受地貌和土地利用影响的区域差异。
