Anušauskas Justinas, Steponavičius Dainius, Romaneckas Kęstutis, Lekavičienė Kristina, Zaleckas Ernestas, Sendžikienė Eglė
Faculty of Engineering, Agriculture Academy, Vytautas Magnus University, Studentu Str. 15A, LT-53362 Akademija, Kaunas District, Lithuania.
Faculty of Agronomy, Agriculture Academy, Vytautas Magnus University, Studentu Str. 11, LT-53361 Akademija, Kaunas District, Lithuania.
Plants (Basel). 2023 Mar 8;12(6):1227. doi: 10.3390/plants12061227.
The heavy use of mineral fertilizers causes imbalances in the biological processes that take place in soil. Therefore, it is necessary to develop more effective fertilizers or fertilizer complexes that ensure agricultural productivity and soil conservation. There is currently a lack of knowledge regarding the effectiveness of biologically enriched, complex mineral fertilizers for spring barley fertilization. The hypothesis of this study was that bacteria-enriched (, , , and ), complex mineral fertilizers (NPK) have significant impacts on the yield and potential for economic use of spring barley. Experimental studies were carried out for three years (2020-2022) with sandy loam soil in southern Lithuania. Four different spring barley fertilization scenarios (SCs) were investigated. In SC-1 (control), complex mineral fertilizer (NPK) was not applied. In the other SCs, spring barley was sown with a drill and fertilizers were incorporated locally during the sowing operation: fertilization scenario SC-2 used 300 kg ha, SC-3 used 150 kg ha preceded by a bacteria-inoculated complex mineral fertilizer (NPK), and SC-4 used 300 kg ha with the same bacterial complex. The results showed that the bacterial inoculant increased the efficiency of the mineral fertilizer and had an effect on plant growth in barley. For three consecutive years in the same plots, the bacterial inoculant showed significant positive effects on grain yield (changes of 8.1% in 2020, 6.8% in 2021, and 17.3% in 2022 between SC-2 and SC-4). Comparing the several different fertilizer scenarios from an economic point of view, it was observed that the highest profit per hectare was obtained with SC-4 in all three years of the study. Comparing SC-4 and SC-2, an increase of 13.7% was observed in 2020, followed by 9.1% and 41.9% in 2021 and in 2022, respectively. This study will be useful for farmers, biological inoculant manufacturers, and scientists researching the effectiveness of biological inoculants for growing agricultural crops. We found that it is possible to increase the yield of barley (7-17%) using the same rate of mineral fertilization by enriching it with bacterial inoculants. Further studies should be conducted to determine the effects of the bacterial inoculant on crop yield and soil over a period longer than 3 years.
大量使用矿物肥料会导致土壤中发生的生物过程失衡。因此，有必要开发更有效的肥料或肥料组合，以确保农业生产力和土壤保护。目前，关于生物富集复合矿物肥料对春大麦施肥效果的知识还很缺乏。本研究的假设是，富含细菌（、、、和）的复合矿物肥料（NPK）对春大麦的产量和经济利用潜力有显著影响。在立陶宛南部的砂壤土上进行了为期三年（2020 - 2022年）的实验研究。研究了四种不同的春大麦施肥方案（SCs）。在SC - 1（对照）中，未施用复合矿物肥料（NPK）。在其他SCs中，用条播机播种春大麦，并在播种操作期间进行局部施肥：施肥方案SC - 2使用300千克/公顷，SC - 3使用150千克/公顷，之前施用接种细菌的复合矿物肥料（NPK），SC - 4使用300千克/公顷并施用相同的细菌组合。结果表明，细菌接种剂提高了矿物肥料的效率，并对大麦的植物生长产生了影响。在同一地块连续三年，细菌接种剂对谷物产量显示出显著的积极影响（2020年SC - 2和SC - 4之间变化8.1%，2021年为6.8%，2022年为17.3%）。从经济角度比较几种不同的施肥方案，发现在研究的三年中，SC - 4每公顷获得的利润最高。比较SC - 4和SC - 2，2020年观察到增加了13.7%，2021年和2022年分别增加了9.1%和41.9%。本研究将对农民、生物接种剂制造商以及研究生物接种剂对农作物生长效果的科学家有用。我们发现，通过用细菌接种剂富集相同比例的矿物肥料，可以提高大麦产量（7 - 17%）。应进行进一步研究，以确定细菌接种剂在超过3年的时间内对作物产量和土壤的影响。
