Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
Proc Biol Sci. 2023 Mar 29;290(1995):20222337. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2022.2337.
Human-imposed selection can lead to adaptive changes in sensory traits. However, rapid evolution of the sensory system can interfere with other behaviours, and animals must overcome such sensory conflicts. In response to intense selection by insecticide baits that contain glucose, German cockroaches evolved glucose-aversion (GA), which confers behavioural resistance against baits. During courtship the male offers the female a nuptial gift that contains maltose, which expediates copulation. However, the female's saliva rapidly hydrolyses maltose into glucose, which causes GA females to dismount the courting male, thus reducing their mating success. Comparative analysis revealed two adaptive traits in GA males. They produce more maltotriose, which is more resilient to salivary glucosidases, and they initiate copulation faster than wild-type males, before GA females interrupt their nuptial feeding and dismount the male. Recombinant lines of the two strains showed that the two emergent traits of GA males were not genetically associated with the GA trait. Results suggest that the two courtship traits emerged in response to the altered sexual behaviour of GA females and independently of the male's GA trait. Although rapid adaptive evolution generates sexual mismatches that lower fitness, compensatory behavioural evolution can correct these sensory discrepancies.
人为选择可导致感官特征的适应性变化。然而，感官系统的快速进化可能会干扰其他行为，动物必须克服这种感官冲突。德国蟑螂对含有葡萄糖的杀虫剂诱饵产生了强烈的选择，从而进化出了对葡萄糖的厌恶（GA），这使它们对诱饵具有行为抗性。在求爱过程中，雄性会给雌性提供一种含有麦芽糖的婚礼礼物，这可以加速交配。然而，雌性的唾液会迅速将麦芽糖水解成葡萄糖，这会导致 GA 雌性离开求爱的雄性，从而降低它们的交配成功率。比较分析揭示了 GA 雄性的两个适应性特征。它们产生更多的麦芽三糖，这种糖更能抵抗唾液中的葡萄糖苷酶，而且它们比野生型雄性更快地开始交配，在 GA 雌性中断它们的婚礼进食并离开雄性之前。两种品系的重组系表明，GA 雄性的这两个新兴特征与 GA 特征没有遗传关联。结果表明，这两个求爱特征是对 GA 雌性改变性行为的反应而独立于雄性的 GA 特征而出现的。尽管快速的适应性进化会产生降低适应性的性不匹配，但补偿性的行为进化可以纠正这些感官差异。
