GEES (School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences) and Birmingham Institute of Forest Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
cE3c-Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group/CHANGE-Global Change and Sustainability Institute and Universidade dos Açores-Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Environment, Angra do Heroismo, Azores, Portugal.
Ecol Lett. 2023 Jun;26(6):965-982. doi: 10.1111/ele.14203. Epub 2023 Mar 29.
Research on island species-area relationships (ISAR) has expanded to incorporate functional (IFDAR) and phylogenetic (IPDAR) diversity. However, relative to the ISAR, we know little about IFDARs and IPDARs, and lack synthetic global analyses of variation in form of these three categories of island diversity-area relationship (IDAR). Here, we undertake the first comparative evaluation of IDARs at the global scale using 51 avian archipelagic data sets representing true and habitat islands. Using null models, we explore how richness-corrected functional and phylogenetic diversity scale with island area. We also provide the largest global assessment of the impacts of species introductions and extinctions on the IDAR. Results show that increasing richness with area is the primary driver of the (non-richness corrected) IPDAR and IFDAR for many data sets. However, for several archipelagos, richness-corrected functional and phylogenetic diversity changes linearly with island area, suggesting that the dominant community assembly processes shift along the island area gradient. We also find that archipelagos with the steepest ISARs exhibit the biggest differences in slope between IDARs, indicating increased functional and phylogenetic redundancy on larger islands in these archipelagos. In several cases introduced species seem to have 're-calibrated' the IDARs such that they resemble the historic period prior to recent extinctions.
岛屿物种-面积关系（ISAR）的研究已经扩展到包含功能（IFDAR）和系统发育（IPDAR）多样性。然而，相对于 ISAR，我们对 IFDAR 和 IPDAR 的了解甚少，也缺乏对这三类岛屿多样性-面积关系（IDAR）的综合全球分析。在这里，我们使用代表真实岛屿和生境岛屿的 51 个鸟类群岛数据集，首次在全球范围内对 IDAR 进行了比较评估。利用空模型，我们探讨了丰富度校正后的功能和系统发育多样性如何随岛屿面积而变化。我们还提供了对物种引种和灭绝对 IDAR 影响的最大全球评估。结果表明，在许多数据集上，随着面积的增加，丰富度与面积的增加是（非丰富度校正的）IPDAR 和 IFDAR 的主要驱动因素。然而，对于几个群岛，丰富度校正后的功能和系统发育多样性随岛屿面积呈线性变化，这表明主要的群落组装过程沿着岛屿面积梯度发生变化。我们还发现，ISAR 最陡峭的群岛在 IDAR 之间的斜率差异最大，这表明在这些群岛中，较大岛屿的功能和系统发育冗余性增加。在某些情况下，引入的物种似乎已经“重新校准”了 IDAR，使其类似于最近灭绝之前的历史时期。
