Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration & Research Center for Global Change and Complex Ecosystems, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
Department of Invasion Ecology, Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic.
Nat Plants. 2024 Oct;10(10):1484-1492. doi: 10.1038/s41477-024-01790-0. Epub 2024 Sep 3.
Elton's biotic resistance hypothesis posits that species-rich communities are more resistant to invasion. However, it remains unknown how species, phylogenetic and functional richness, along with environmental and human-impact factors, collectively affect plant invasion as alien species progress along the introduction-naturalization-invasion continuum. Using data from 12,056 local plant communities of the Czech Republic, this study reveals varying effects of these factors on the presence and richness of alien species at different invasion stages, highlighting the complexity of the invasion process. Specifically, we demonstrate that although species richness and functional richness of resident communities had mostly negative effects on alien species presence and richness, the strength and sometimes also direction of these effects varied along the continuum. Our study not only underscores that evidence for or against Elton's biotic resistance hypothesis may be stage-dependent but also suggests that other invasion hypotheses should be carefully revisited given their potential stage-dependent nature.
埃尔顿的生物抵抗假说认为，物种丰富的群落更能抵抗入侵。然而，物种、系统发育和功能丰富度，以及环境和人为影响因素如何共同影响植物入侵，而外来物种沿着引入-自然化-入侵连续体前进，这一点仍不清楚。本研究利用来自捷克共和国 12056 个本地植物群落的数据，揭示了这些因素在不同入侵阶段对外来物种存在和丰富度的不同影响，突出了入侵过程的复杂性。具体来说，我们证明了尽管居民群落的物种丰富度和功能丰富度对外来物种的存在和丰富度大多有负面影响，但这些影响的强度和有时方向沿着连续体而变化。我们的研究不仅强调了埃尔顿的生物抵抗假说的证据可能是阶段性的，而且还表明，鉴于其潜在的阶段性性质，其他入侵假说也应该被仔细重新审视。
