Penela-Sánchez Daniel, Rocafort Muntsa, Henares Desiree, Jordan Iolanda, Brotons Pedro, Cabrerizo María, Launes Cristian, Muñoz-Almagro Carmen
Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Microbiome Research Group, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain.
Pediatrics Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain.
Pediatr Pulmonol. 2023 Jun;58(6):1728-1737. doi: 10.1002/ppul.26393. Epub 2023 Mar 29.
Rhinoviruses (RV) and enteroviruses (EV) are among the main causative etiologies of lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) in children. The clinical spectrum of RV/EV infection is wide, which could be explained by diverse environmental, pathogen-, and host-related factors. Little is known about the nasopharyngeal microbiota as a risk factor or disease modifier for RV/EV infection in pediatric patients. This study describes distinct nasopharyngeal microbiota profiles according to RV/EV LRTI status in children.
Cross-sectional case-control study, conducted at Hospital Sant de Déu (Barcelona, Spain) from 2017 to 2020. Three groups of children <5 years were included: healthy controls without viral detection (Group A), mild or asymptomatic controls with RV/EV infection (Group B), and cases with severe RV/EV infection admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) (Group C). Nasopharyngeal samples were collected from participants for viral DNA/RNA detection by multiplex-polymerase chain reaction and bacterial microbiota characterization by 16S rRNA gene sequencing.
A total of 104 subjects were recruited (A = 17, B = 34, C = 53). Children's nasopharyngeal microbiota composition varied according to their RV/EV infection status. Richness and diversity were decreased among children with severe infection. Nasopharyngeal microbiota profiles enriched in genus Dolosigranulum were related to respiratory health, while genus Haemophilus was specifically predominant in children with severe RV/EV LRTI. Children with mild or asymptomatic RV/EV infection showed an intermediate profile.
These results suggest a close relationship between the nasopharyngeal microbiota and different clinical presentations of RV/EV infection.
鼻病毒（RV）和肠道病毒（EV）是儿童下呼吸道感染（LRTI）的主要致病病因。RV/EV感染的临床谱很广，这可能由多种环境、病原体和宿主相关因素来解释。关于鼻咽微生物群作为儿科患者RV/EV感染的危险因素或疾病调节因素知之甚少。本研究描述了根据儿童RV/EV LRTI状态的不同鼻咽微生物群特征。
2017年至2020年在西班牙巴塞罗那圣德乌医院进行的横断面病例对照研究。纳入三组5岁以下儿童：未检测到病毒的健康对照（A组）、RV/EV感染的轻度或无症状对照（B组）以及入住儿科重症监护病房（PICU）的严重RV/EV感染病例（C组）。从参与者中采集鼻咽样本，通过多重聚合酶链反应检测病毒DNA/RNA，并通过16S rRNA基因测序对细菌微生物群进行特征分析。
共招募了104名受试者（A组 = 17名，B组 = 34名，C组 = 53名）。儿童的鼻咽微生物群组成因其RV/EV感染状态而异。严重感染儿童的丰富度和多样性降低。富含多尔西颗粒菌属的鼻咽微生物群特征与呼吸健康相关，而嗜血杆菌属在严重RV/EV LRTI儿童中特别占主导地位。轻度或无症状RV/EV感染的儿童表现出中间特征。结论：这些结果表明鼻咽微生物群与RV/EV感染的不同临床表现之间存在密切关系。
