Maton Mickael, Gabut Sarah, Neut Christel, Odou Pascal, Sacareau Camille, Pinon Anthony, Vialette Michèle, Gerber Gaétan, Martel Bernard, Blanchemain Nicolas
Univ. Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, U1008 - Advanced Drug Delivery Systems, Lille, France.
Univ. Lille, CNRS, INRAE, ENSCL UMR 8207, UMET - Unité Matériaux et Transformations, Lille, France.
Biomater Sci. 2023 May 16;11(10):3502-3511. doi: 10.1039/d2bm01988d.
The aim of this work was to develop a filtering biocidal polypropylene (PP) nonwoven textile structure to block and inactivate airborne bacteria and viruses. PP filters were functionalized with a cyclodextrin (CD)-polycarboxylic acid-crosslinked polymer (PP-CD) through a pad/dry/curing process, and were then activated by padding in an alkyl dimethyl benzalkonium chloride (ADBAC) solution. The textile finishing process parameters were optimized with the perspective of mass production, considering the threshold temperature necessary for provoking crosslinking and the limitation of the low thermal stability of PP. The use of an aqueous solution containing hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD), 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA), ammonium hypophosphite (AH), and a surfactant allowed immobilization of the optimal quantity of cyclodextrin polymer under curing for 5 minutes at 125 °C without affecting the nonwoven PP structure. The presence of CD drastically increased the sorption of ADBAC on the textiles. There was leaching of ADBAC at the first rinsing and then satisfactory fastness at the second and third rinsings, revealing adsorption mechanisms by weak physical interactions, ionic interactions, and inclusion of ADBAC inside the CD cavities. SEM revealed no clogging of the nonwoven pores, nor any increase in the air flow resistance, as evaluated by pressure drop measurements. The filtration efficiency of particulate matter PM and PM was moderately affected, in contrast to that of PM, which greatly decreased due to the loss of the electrostatic charge of the filter upon the functionalization process. Bactericidal tests resulted in a reduction of 3 log against , and for virucidal tests on human coronavirus HCoV-229E, there was a reduction of 3.4 log, with both strains undergoing 20 minutes of contact. Finally, the filter we developed is manufacturable by a scalable process, and because of its filtration and biocidal performances, it is a choice material as a self-disinfecting layer in the fabrication of facepiece respirators.
这项工作的目的是开发一种过滤性杀菌聚丙烯（PP）非织造织物结构，以阻隔并灭活空气传播的细菌和病毒。通过浸轧/干燥/固化工艺，用环糊精（CD）-多元羧酸交联聚合物（PP-CD）对PP过滤器进行功能化处理，然后在烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵（ADBAC）溶液中浸轧使其活化。从大规模生产的角度对织物整理工艺参数进行了优化，考虑到引发交联所需的阈值温度以及PP热稳定性低的限制。使用含有羟丙基-β-环糊精（HPβCD）、1,2,3,4-丁烷四羧酸（BTCA）、次磷酸铵（AH）和一种表面活性剂的水溶液，可在125℃固化5分钟的条件下固定最佳量的环糊精聚合物，且不影响PP非织造结构。CD的存在显著增加了ADBAC在织物上的吸附量。第一次漂洗时有ADBAC的浸出，而在第二次和第三次漂洗时具有令人满意的色牢度，这揭示了通过弱物理相互作用、离子相互作用以及ADBAC包合在CD腔内的吸附机制。扫描电子显微镜（SEM）显示非织造孔隙没有堵塞，通过压降测量评估，气流阻力也没有增加。与PM相比，颗粒物PM和PM的过滤效率受到的影响适中，而PM的过滤效率在功能化过程中因过滤器静电荷的损失而大幅下降。杀菌测试结果表明，对[具体细菌名称未给出]的杀灭率降低了3个对数，在针对人冠状病毒HCoV-229E的杀病毒测试中，杀灭率降低了3.4个对数，两种菌株的接触时间均为20分钟。最后，我们开发的过滤器可通过可扩展工艺制造，并且由于其过滤和杀菌性能，可以作为面罩呼吸器制造中自消毒层的理想材料。
