Mabloc LLC, 725 21st St. NW, Suite 301, Washington, DC 20052, USA.
George Washington University, 2121 I St. NW, Washington, DC 20052, USA.
Sci Transl Med. 2023 Mar 29;15(689):eade5795. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.ade5795.
Yellow fever virus (YFV) is a reemerging global health threat, driven by several factors, including increased spread of the mosquito vector and rapid urbanization. Although a prophylactic vaccine exists, vaccine hesitancy, supply deficits, and distribution difficulties leave specific populations at risk of severe YFV disease, as evidenced by recent outbreaks in South America. To establish a treatment for patients with severe YFV infection, we tested 37 YFV-specific monoclonal antibodies isolated from vaccinated humans and identified two capable of potently neutralizing multiple pathogenic primary YFV isolates. Using both hamster and nonhuman primate models of lethal YFV infection, we demonstrate that a single administration of either of these two potently neutralizing antibodies during acute infection fully controlled viremia and prevented severe disease and death in treated animals. Given the potential severity of YFV-induced disease, our results show that these antibodies could be effective in saving lives and fill a much-needed void in managing YFV cases during outbreaks.
黄热病病毒（YFV）是一种重新出现的全球健康威胁，其驱动因素包括蚊虫传播媒介的增加和快速城市化。尽管存在预防性疫苗，但疫苗犹豫、供应短缺和分发困难使得某些人群面临严重 YFV 疾病的风险，最近在南美洲的爆发就证明了这一点。为了为重症 YFV 感染患者建立治疗方法，我们测试了从接种疫苗的人类中分离出的 37 种 YFV 特异性单克隆抗体，并鉴定出两种能够有效中和多种致病性原发性 YFV 分离株的抗体。使用仓鼠和非人类灵长类动物的致死性 YFV 感染模型，我们证明在急性感染期间单次给予这两种具有强大中和作用的抗体中的任何一种都可以完全控制病毒血症，并防止治疗动物发生严重疾病和死亡。鉴于 YFV 引起的疾病的潜在严重性，我们的结果表明，这些抗体可以有效地拯救生命，并在疫情期间管理 YFV 病例方面填补了急需的空白。
