Delta Human Nutrition Research Program, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Stoneville, MS, United States.
Department of Nutrition and Family Sciences, University of Central Arkansas, Conway, AR, United States.
J Nutr. 2023 May;153(5):1577-1586. doi: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.03.030. Epub 2023 Mar 27.
Evidence suggests that acculturation can increase risks of poor diet, obesity, and chronic diseases. Yet questions remain regarding acculturation proxy measures and associations with diet quality in Asian Americans.
Primary objectives included estimating percentages of Asian Americans with low, moderate, and high acculturation using 2 proxy measures of acculturation based on different language variables and determining if diet quality differences existed among acculturation levels using the 2 proxy acculturation measures.
Study sample included 1275 Asian participants aged ≥16 y from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2015-2018. Nativity/length of United States residence, immigration age, language spoken at home (home), and language of dietary recall (recall) were used as proxy measures for 2 acculturation scales. Replicate 24-h dietary recalls were conducted and diet quality was assessed using 2015 Healthy Eating Index. Statistical methods for complex survey designs were used for analysis.
Using home and recall language, 26% compared with 9% of participants were classified with low, 50% compared with 63% with moderate, and 24% compared with 28% with high acculturation. On the home language scale, participants with low and/or moderate acculturation had higher scores (0.5-5.5 points) for vegetables, fruits, whole grains, seafood and plant protein, saturated fats, added sugars, and total 2015 Healthy Eating Index than participants with high acculturation; participants with low acculturation had lower refined grain score (1.2 points) than participants with high acculturation. Results were similar for the recall language scale, except differences between participants with moderate and high acculturation were also observed for fatty acids.
Although percentages of Asian Americans classified with low, moderate, and high acculturation differed between the 2 proxy measures for acculturation, diet quality differences among acculturation groups were remarkably similar between the 2 proxy measures. Hence, use of either language variables may yield comparable results regarding the relationships between acculturation and diet in Asian Americans.
有证据表明，文化适应会增加不良饮食、肥胖和慢性病的风险。然而，在亚洲裔美国人中，关于文化适应的替代指标以及与饮食质量的关系仍存在一些问题。
主要目的包括使用基于不同语言变量的两种文化适应替代指标，估计具有低、中、高文化适应程度的亚洲裔美国人的百分比，并确定使用这两种文化适应替代指标时，饮食质量是否存在差异。
本研究的样本包括 2015-2018 年国家健康和营养调查中的 1275 名年龄在 16 岁及以上的亚洲参与者。出生地/在美国居住的时间、移民年龄、家庭语言（家庭）和膳食回忆语言（回忆）被用作两种文化适应量表的替代指标。进行了重复的 24 小时膳食回忆，并使用 2015 年健康饮食指数评估饮食质量。采用复杂调查设计的统计方法进行分析。
使用家庭和回忆语言，26%的参与者与 9%的参与者被归类为低度文化适应，50%的参与者与 63%的参与者被归类为中度文化适应，24%的参与者与 28%的参与者被归类为高度文化适应。在家庭语言量表上，低度和/或中度文化适应的参与者在蔬菜、水果、全谷物、海鲜和植物蛋白、饱和脂肪、添加糖和总 2015 年健康饮食指数方面的得分较高（0.5-5.5 分），而高度文化适应的参与者得分较低；低度文化适应的参与者精制谷物的得分（1.2 分）低于高度文化适应的参与者。回忆语言量表上的结果相似，只是在中度和高度文化适应的参与者之间也观察到了脂肪酸的差异。
尽管两种文化适应替代指标对具有低、中、高文化适应程度的亚洲裔美国人的百分比不同，但在这两种替代指标中，文化适应群体之间的饮食质量差异非常相似。因此，在亚洲裔美国人中，使用这两种语言变量中的任何一种都可能产生关于文化适应与饮食之间关系的类似结果。
