USDA Agricultural Research Service, Stoneville, MS, United States.
Department of Nutrition and Family Sciences, University of Central Arkansas, Conway, AR, United States.
J Nutr. 2023 Aug;153(8):2401-2412. doi: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.06.012. Epub 2023 Jun 15.
Evidence suggests dietary acculturation can increase obesity and chronic disease risks. However, acculturation effects on diet quality among subgroups of Hispanic Americans is not well studied.
Estimating percentages of Hispanic Americans with low, moderate, and high acculturation using 2 proxy measures with different language variables was the first objective. Identifying similarities and dissimilarities in diet quality differences by acculturation level between Mexican Americans and other Hispanic Americans was the second objective.
The study sample included 1733 Mexican American and 1191 other Hispanic participants aged ≥16 y from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2015-2018. Proxy measures included in the 2 acculturation scales were nativity/United States residence length, immigration age, language spoken at home (home), and language of dietary recall (recall). Replicate 24-h dietary recalls were conducted, and diet quality was assessed using the 2015 Healthy Eating Index. Analyses included statistical methods for complex survey designs.
For Mexican Americans, 8%, 35%, and 58% had low, moderate, and high acculturation on the home scale compared with 8%, 30%, and 62% on the recall scale. For other Hispanics, 17%, 39%, and 43% had low, moderate, and high acculturation on the home scale compared with 18%, 34%, and 48% on the recall scale. Similarities between ethnicities included higher acculturation associated with lower intakes of fruits, vegetables, total protein foods, seafood and plant proteins, and saturated fats and greater intake of sodium. Dissimilarities included higher acculturation associated with more whole grains and added sugars intakes and less refined grains intake (Mexican Americans), and less total dairy and fatty acids intakes (other Hispanic Americans).
Higher acculturation is associated with worsening diet quality for fruits, vegetables, and protein foods in all Hispanic Americans. However, associations of higher acculturation with worsening diet quality for grains, added sugars, dairy, and fatty acids were present only in specific subgroups of Hispanic Americans.
有证据表明，饮食文化适应会增加肥胖和慢性病的风险。然而，西班牙裔美国人亚群的文化适应对饮食质量的影响还没有得到很好的研究。
使用两种具有不同语言变量的代理措施来估计具有低、中、高文化适应程度的西班牙裔美国人的百分比是第一个目标。确定墨西哥裔美国人和其他西班牙裔美国人之间不同文化适应水平的饮食质量差异的相似性和差异性是第二个目标。
本研究样本包括 2015-2018 年国家健康和营养调查（NHANES）中年龄≥16 岁的 1733 名墨西哥裔美国人和 1191 名其他西班牙裔美国人。两个文化适应量表中包含的代理措施有出生国/在美国居住时间、移民年龄、家庭使用的语言（家庭）和膳食回忆的语言（回忆）。进行了重复 24 小时膳食回忆，使用 2015 年健康饮食指数评估饮食质量。分析包括复杂调查设计的统计方法。
对于墨西哥裔美国人，与回忆量表上的 8%、30%和 48%相比，家庭量表上的 8%、35%和 58%为低、中、高文化适应。对于其他西班牙裔美国人，与回忆量表上的 17%、34%和 48%相比，家庭量表上的 18%、39%和 43%为低、中、高文化适应。两个种族之间的相似之处包括较高的文化适应与水果、蔬菜、总蛋白质食品、海鲜和植物蛋白质、饱和脂肪的摄入量较低以及钠的摄入量较高有关。差异包括较高的文化适应与更多的全谷物和添加糖的摄入量以及较少的精制谷物的摄入量有关（墨西哥裔美国人），以及较少的总乳制品和脂肪酸的摄入量有关（其他西班牙裔美国人）。
在所有西班牙裔美国人中，较高的文化适应与水果、蔬菜和蛋白质食品的饮食质量恶化有关。然而，较高的文化适应与谷物、添加糖、乳制品和脂肪酸的饮食质量恶化之间的关联仅存在于特定的西班牙裔美国人亚群中。
