Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
Department of Environmental Civil Engineering and Architecture (DICAAR), University of Cagliari, Via Marengo 2, 09123 Cagliari, Italy.
Sensors (Basel). 2023 Mar 14;23(6):3098. doi: 10.3390/s23063098.
Here, an avant-garde study of three ancient Doric columns of the precious, ancient Romanesque church of Saints Lorenzo and Pancrazio in the historical town center of Cagliari (Italy) is presented based on the integrated application of different non-destructive testing methods. The limitations of each methodology are overcome by the synergistic application of these methods, affording an accurate, complete 3D image of the studied elements. Our procedure begins with a macroscopic in situ analysis to provide a preliminary diagnosis of the conditions of the building materials. The next step is laboratory tests, in which the porosity and other textural characteristics of the carbonate building materials are studied by optical and scanning electron microscopy. After this, a survey with a terrestrial laser scanner and close-range photogrammetry is planned and executed to produce accurate high-resolution 3D digital models of the entire church and the ancient columns inside. This was the main objective of this study. The high-resolution 3D models allowed us to identify architectural complications occurring in historical buildings. The 3D reconstruction with the above metric techniques was indispensable for planning and carrying out the 3D ultrasonic tomography, which played an important role in detecting defects, voids, and flaws within the body of the studied columns by analyzing the propagation of the ultrasonic waves. The high-resolution 3D multiparametric models allowed us to obtain an extremely accurate picture of the conservation state of the studied columns in order to locate and characterize both shallow and internal defects in the building materials. This integrated procedure can aid in the control of the spatial and temporal variations in the materials' properties and provides information on the process of deterioration in order to allow adequate restoration solutions to be developed and the structural health of the artefact to be monitored.
这里提出了一项开创性的研究，对卡利亚里（意大利）历史中心圣洛伦佐和圣潘克拉齐奥古老罗马式教堂的三根珍贵的古风多立克柱进行了研究，该研究基于不同无损检测方法的综合应用。通过协同应用这些方法，克服了每种方法的局限性，从而提供了研究元素的准确、完整的 3D 图像。我们的程序首先进行宏观原位分析，为建筑材料的状况提供初步诊断。下一步是实验室测试，通过光学和扫描电子显微镜研究碳酸盐建筑材料的孔隙率和其他纹理特征。之后，计划并执行地面激光扫描仪和近景摄影测量调查，以生成整个教堂和内部古老柱子的精确高分辨率 3D 数字模型。这是这项研究的主要目标。高分辨率 3D 模型使我们能够识别出历史建筑中出现的建筑并发症。上述计量技术的 3D 重建对于规划和执行 3D 超声层析成像至关重要，通过分析超声波的传播，可以在研究柱体内部检测到缺陷、空隙和瑕疵。高分辨率 3D 多参数模型使我们能够获得被研究柱子的保存状态的极其精确的图像，以便定位和描述建筑材料中的浅层和内部缺陷。这种综合程序可以帮助控制材料性能的时空变化，并提供有关劣化过程的信息，以便制定适当的修复解决方案并监测文物的结构健康。
