Laboratório de Estudos Genômicos, Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto 15054-000, SP, Brazil.
Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia (LPV), Departamento de Doenças Dermatológicas, Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), São José do Rio Preto 15090-000, SP, Brazil.
Viruses. 2023 Mar 1;15(3):665. doi: 10.3390/v15030665.
Non-SARS-CoV-2 respiratory viral infections, such as influenza virus (FluV) and human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), have contributed considerably to the burden of infectious diseases in the non-COVID-19 era. While the rates of co-infection in SARS-CoV-2-positive group (SCPG) patients have been determined, the burden of other respiratory viruses in the SARS-CoV-2-negative group (SCNG) remains unclear. Here, we conducted a cross-sectional study (São José do Rio Preto county, Brazil), and we collected our data using a meta-analysis to evaluate the pooled prevalence of FluV and RSV among SCNG patients. Out of the 901 patients suspected of COVID-19, our molecular results showed positivity of FluV and RSV in the SCNG was 2% (15/733) and 0.27% (2/733), respectively. Co-infection with SARS-CoV-2 and FluV, or RSV, was identified in 1.7% of the patients (3/168). Following our meta-analysis, 28 studies were selected ( = 114,318 suspected COVID-19 patients), with a pooled prevalence of 4% (95% CI: 3-6) for FluV and 2% (95% CI: 1-3) for RSV among SCNG patients were observed. Interestingly, FluV positivity in the SCNG was four times higher (OR = 4, 95% CI: 3.6-5.4, < 0.01) than in the SCPG. Similarly, RSV positivity was significantly associated with SCNG patients (OR = 2.9, 95% CI: 2-4, < 0.01). For subgroup analysis, cold-like symptoms, including fever, cough, sore throat, headache, myalgia, diarrhea, and nausea/vomiting, were positively associated ( < 0.05) with the SCPG. In conclusion, these results show that the pooled prevalence of FluV and RSV were significantly higher in the SCNG than in the SCPG during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic.
非 SARS-CoV-2 呼吸道病毒感染，如流感病毒（FluV）和人类呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV），在非 COVID-19 时代对传染病负担有很大贡献。虽然已经确定了 SARS-CoV-2 阳性组（SCPG）患者的合并感染率，但 SARS-CoV-2 阴性组（SCNG）中其他呼吸道病毒的负担仍不清楚。在这里，我们进行了一项横断面研究（巴西圣若泽-杜里奥普雷托县），并通过荟萃分析收集数据，以评估 SCNG 患者中 FluV 和 RSV 的合并流行率。在 901 名疑似 COVID-19 的患者中，我们的分子结果显示，SCNG 中 FluV 和 RSV 的阳性率分别为 2%（15/733）和 0.27%（2/733）。在 168 名患者中发现了 SARS-CoV-2 与 FluV 或 RSV 的合并感染，占 1.7%。根据我们的荟萃分析，选择了 28 项研究（=114318 例疑似 COVID-19 患者），SCNG 患者中 FluV 的合并流行率为 4%（95%CI：3-6），RSV 的合并流行率为 2%（95%CI：1-3）。有趣的是，SCNG 中 FluV 的阳性率是 SCPG 的四倍（OR=4，95%CI：3.6-5.4，<0.01）。同样，RSV 的阳性与 SCNG 患者显著相关（OR=2.9，95%CI：2-4，<0.01）。对于亚组分析，包括发热、咳嗽、咽痛、头痛、肌痛、腹泻和恶心/呕吐在内的类似感冒的症状与 SCPG 呈正相关（<0.05）。总之，这些结果表明，在 COVID-19 大流行的早期阶段，SCNG 中 FluV 和 RSV 的合并流行率明显高于 SCPG。
